Transcript Executive Order 9066

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Tightened National Security
Bitterness toward Japanese Americans grows
Government takes action against Japanese
Americans within two months of the attack
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Racist
Did not like or trust them
Undesirable
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The FBI and U.S. Military
intelligence fear espionage
and another Japanese Attack!
The media propaganda
machine starts at full speed
The Internment of all Japanese living in the
United States
February 19, 1942
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1/3 of Japanese interns were “Issei”
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Born in Japan
• 2/3 were “Nissei”
–Born in the United States
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A responsible member of each
family will report to the Civil Control
Station between 8:00 AM and 5:00
PM on May 24, 1942
Evacuees must carry with them on
departure the following:
Bedding and linens (no mattresses) for
each member of the family
 Toilet articles
 Extra Clothing
 Sufficient cutlery
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No Pets of any kind
No personal items and no
household goods will be shipped.
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4,500 Japanese-Americans were interned at the
Merced Fairgrounds in 1942
Fresno,
Manzanar,
Marysville,
Merced,
Pinedale,
Pomona,
Sacramento,
Salinas,
Santa Anita,
Stockton,
Tanforan,
Tulare,
Tule Lake,
Turlock,
Daily life continued…
However, camps were located in barren, arid areas
that made economic self-sufficiency impossible
Camps were fenced in
Barracks consisted of several one-room apartments
Camps had minimal school and recreation facilities and
provided enough medical care to prevent epidemics
Conditions often cramped….very little privacy
People shared communal toilets, laundries, bathing and
dining facilities
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Battle of Midway eliminated the threat of a
Japanese attempt on the mainland
Newspapers and journals attacked the federal
policy of interning Japanese Americans
In 1944 Newspapers exposed the treatment of
Japanese Americans in Internment Camps
Justice Frank Murphy opposed internment and
called it “Legalization of racism”
No action of removal or relocation was taken
against people of German or Italian descent
No single piece of evidence was produced
supporting the government’s claims that Japanese
Americans would sabotage the United States
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On January 2, 1945, the exclusion order was
rescinded entirely. The internees then began to
leave the camps to rebuild their lives at home,
although the relocation camps remained open
for residents who were not ready to make the
move back. The freed internees were given $25
and a train ticket to their former homes. While
the majority returned to their former lives,
some of the Japanese Americans emigrated to
Japan. The last internment camp was not closed
until 1946
Turn to Page 596 in your textbook and analyze this
Supreme Court case.
Answer the following questions:
1.What was the key conflict in the Korematsu case?
2.What role did the military play in the Court’s
decision?
3.What did Justice Murphy base his dissent on?
4.What was the historical impact of this case?