Transcript The Nation Grows and Prospers

The Nation Grows and
Prospers
U.S. History
Chapter 11
Industrial Revolution Begins
Factories changed
the way goods
were manufactured
by increasing the
rate of production.
Industrial Revolution Begins
► The
production of
textiles established
the model for
industrial factories
in the 1800s.
► Creation of textile
factories allowed for
a manufacturing
economy in the
Northeast.
Industrial Revolution Begins
► Industrialization
in
America created
more employment
opportunities for
immigrants
► This resulted in the
influx of immigrants
into America
Industrial Revolution Begins
British mechanic
Samuel Slater
memorized the
machine design
and brought textile
factory information
to the United
States.
Industrial Revolution
The creation of
power looms
made more
jobs available
for women and
children.
Industrial Revolution
A major impact
industrialization
had on America
was by
widening the
gap between
rich and poor.
Urbanization
►Industrial
Revolution
led to increased U.S.
urbanization
►Population moved
from the rural
farming areas to the
cities
Urbanization
►Most
of the jobs
that were created as
a result of the
Industrial Revolution
were located in the
Northeast.
►New York City was
the largest city by
1840s.
Western Expansion
Building of the
Erie Canal
benefited
commerce by
providing a faster
means of
transportation.
Western Expansion
Job availability
for immigrants
increased
sharply due in
part to the
building of
canals for
transportation
throughout the
United States
Inventions
Inventions of
interchangeable
parts, the train,
steamboat and
cotton gin
contributed to the
rise of
industrialization.
Inventions
Eli Whitney invented
interchangeable
parts, changing the
way America’s
factories operated
during the Industrial
Revolution.
Inventions
Interchangeable
parts decreased
the cost of
producing
goods.
Inventions
The railroad system
led to rapid
industrialization
because it enabled
more efficient
transportation and
disbursement of
industrial goods
nationwide
Inventions
The invention of
the steamboat
enhanced
America’s
economic
development by
making river
transportation
easier.
Inventions
Whitney’s invention
of the cotton gin
resulted in more
efficient processing
of cotton in the
South.
Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
►Industrial
growth
led to urban
growth
►Factories
increased the rate
of production of
goods
Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
►Improved
roads
leading to western
expansion of the
nation
►Sectionalism
beginning to
threaten national
unity
Industrial Revolution Cause-Effect
Industrial
Revolution also
resulted in
widening gap
between rich
and poor.
Era of Good Feelings
President James
Monroe helped create
a new sense of
national unity.
After War of 1812,
U.S. enjoyed a period
of economic growth
Monroe Doctrine
U.S. successfully
challenged
European
intervention, or
direct involvement,
in Latin America.
Monroe Doctrine
United States was
determined to keep
European powers
out of the Western
Hemisphere.
Monroe Doctrine
“The American
continents are
henceforth not to be
considered as subject
for future colonization
by any European
powers.”
Sectionalism
►Loyalty
to one’s
state or section
rather than to the
nation as a
whole.
►Made national
unity more
difficult
Sectionalism
► Contrasts
between
North and South
were significant in
the type of
economic
industries.
► The South had a
rural, agricultural
economy due to a
favorable climate.
Sectionalism
North:
► Free
(choice) labor
► Short growing season
► Strong industrial base
► Strong federal
government
► High tariffs
Sectionalism
North:
Primary reason for
growth of
industrialization
was the rapid rise
in the rate of
urbanization.
Sectionalism
South:
► Slavery
and free labor
► Long growing season
► Reliance upon
agriculture
► States’ rights
► Low tariffs
Sectionalism
The plantation economic
system was developed
in the South due to the
availability of
inexpensive labor.
Cotton production
thrived due to slave
labor, cotton gins, and
textile factories.
Protective Tariffs
Senator Henry Clay
wanted to promote
economic growth by
protecting American
manufacturers by
taxing imported goods.
Protective Tariffs
“The sole object of
the tariff is to tax the
produce of foreign
industry, with the
view of promoting
American industry.”
Henry Clay was
discussing protective
tariffs.
Protective Tariffs
Southerners opposed
protective tariffs on
imports because they
tended to favor
northern states who
specialized in
manufacturing, giving
the North an unfair
political advantage.
Protective Tariffs
Tariffs
unintentionally
furthered
growth of
sectionalism.
Supreme Court Expands
►McCulloch
v.
Maryland (1819)
► Court
ruled that states
had no power to
control federal
institutions within
their borders.
► Clarified constitutional
powers of Congress
Supreme Court Expands
►Gibbons
v. Ogden
(1824)
► Only federal
government has the
power to regulate
foreign and
interstate
commerce, or trade
between states
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