Transcript File - Ms. Mazzini-Chin

Manifest Destiny
Manifest Destiny
Annexation of Land
Mexican War
Use the image and your knowledge of United States history to
answer parts A, B, and C.
John Gast, American Progress, 1872 Courtesy of
Library of Congress
A) Explain the point of view reflected in the image
regarding ONE of the following: Migration,
Technology, American Indians
B) Explain how ONE element of the image
expresses the point of view you identified in Part A.
C) Explain how the point of view you identified in
Part A helped to shape ONE specific United States
government action between 1845 and 1900.
Trends in Antebellum America: 1810-1860
1. New intellectual and religious movements (Transcendentalism and the Second
Great Awakening)
2. Social reforms.
3. Beginnings of the Market Revolution  Industrial Revolution in America.
4. Re-emergence of a second party system and more
political democratization. (Democrats and Whigs)
5. Increase in federal power  Marshall Ct. decisions.
6. Increase in American nationalism.
7. Further westward expansion.
Aim: Should we consider the era [of Manifest Destiny] one of
destiny or greed?
Vocab
Manifest Destiny
Annexation
Forty-Niners
Wilmot Proviso
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Van Buren
Harrison  Tyler
Calhoun
Clay
Essential Questions:
(1)What were the causes of westward expansion?
(2)How does manifest destiny reflect Transcendentalist ideals?
(3)How does manifest destiny increase sectional tensions?
“The destiny of the American people is to subdue the
continent—to rush over this vast field to the Pacific
Ocean—to animate the many hundred millions of its
people and to cheer them upward—to agitate these
Herculean masses—to establish a new order in human
affairs—to set free the enslaved—to regenerate
superannuated (old fashioned) nations...to stir up the
sleep of a hundred centuries—to teach old nations a
new civilization—to confirm the destiny of the human
race—to unite the world in one social family—to
dissolve the weight of tyranny and exalt charity—to
absolve the curse that weighs down humanity, and to
shed blessings around the world.”
–William Gilpin (1846)
Mr. Manifest Destiny
President James K Polk
•Elected
President in 1844
•Added more
territory (by any
means) to the US
than any other
President
•Died 103 days
after his single
term ended
7
Polk’s Campaign
Promises:
* Annex Texas
* Expand to the west
* Lower tariffs
* Claim Oregon
territory from GB
* Establish
independent treasury
*Only president to
fulfill all of his
promises
(1st)Missouri Compromise 1820, Clay
second Missouri Compromise…
In an effort to preserve the balance of power in Congress
between slave and free states, the Missouri Compromise
was passed in 1820 admitting Missouri as a slave state
and Maine as a free state. Furthermore, with the
exception of Missouri, this law prohibited slavery in the
Louisiana Territory north of the 36 degrees 30’ latitude
line.
In 1854, the Missouri Compromise was repealed by the
Kansas Nebraska Act. Three years later the Missouri
Compromise was declared unconstitutional by the
Supreme Court in the Dred Scott decision, which ruled
that Congress did not have the authority to prohibit
slavery in the territories.
Mexican-American War
"The United States will conquer
Mexico, but it will be as the man
swallows the arsenic; Mexico will
poison us."
-Ralph Waldo Emerson
(Transcendentalist)
Spend 10 minutes answering this
Question
DID THE MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR UNITE OR
DIVIDE THE COUNTRY?
Things to keep in mind about a DBQ
essay…
• Think of it as if you’re writing a FREE
RESPONSE essay but you’re using the
documents to support points you would make
anyway.
• You must refer to specific parts of the
document.
• You must explain HOW those parts support
YOUR argument. “Don’t just include a quote
and think that we know why you included it.”
DBQ Advice
• Start with OUTSIDE information, what you know,
what claim (thesis) you want to prove.
• Figure out what position each document takes.
• Are you going to use the document as further
evidence to support your point?
• Are you going to use the document by REFUTING
it and pointing to its weakness/bias/inaccuracy?
• What EXACTLY are you using from the document?
Which words? Statistics? Facts?
Oh, DBQ!
•
•
•
•
Outside information
Decide the position
Bring in quotes
Quotes get explained.
UNITE
Outcomes DIVIDE
of the War
FACT 1:
FACT 1:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
Explanation:
Explanation:
FACT 2:
FACT 2:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
Explanation:
Explanation:
FACT 3:
FACT 3:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
Explanation:
DOCUMENT __:
Quote:
Explanation:
Aim: Did the Mexican-American War unite or divide the nation?
Vocab
President Polk (1845-1849)
Mexican-American War (1846-1848)
Rose Revolt – civil disobedience, Thoreau
Wilmot Proviso
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo
Gadsden Purchase, 1853–1854
The Gadsden Purchase, or Treaty, was an agreement between the United States
and Mexico, finalized in 1854, in which the United States agreed to pay Mexico $10
million for a 29,670 square mile portion of Mexico that later became part of
Arizona and New Mexico. Gadsden’s Purchase provided the land necessary for a
southern transcontinental railroad and attempted to resolve conflicts that lingered
after the Mexican-American War.
Essential Questions:
(1)What are the arguments for and against the Mexican-American War?
(2)Do you agree with the decision to go to war? Why/why not?
US Territorial Expansion
When?
•1848
From Where?
•Mexico
G - Mexican Cession
Why?
•Polk offers to buy G from
Mexico & they refuse
F
C
•War!
•US wins
•In Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo, US offers $15
million for G
20
G
E
A
B
D
Mexican American War
• Texas rebellion against Mexican government and
US admitting it as a state – undermined Mexican
government.
• US offered 30 million dollars for the land, so US
sent troops to Tex/Mex border.
• Mexico didn’t recognize the Texas border. Fought
over the territory.
• US military was near the Rio Grande River,
Mexico wanted the soldiers out of there. US felt
like a threat to Mexico.
Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo, 1848
(Treaty forced on Mexico…)
Mexico gave up claims to Texas above the Rio
Grande River.
Mexico gave the U. S. California and New Mexico.
U. S. gave Mexico $15,000,000 and agreed to pay
the claims of American citizens against Mexico (over
$3,500,000).
Results of the Mexican American War
• The 17 month war cost 100 million dollars and
13,000 lives (mostly due to disease).
• Brought new land into the union (1 million
square miles including TX), which brought
slavery into the forefront of American national
politics.
• Upsets balance of power b/w north and south.
• Created two popular Whig generals who ran
for President.
• Manifest Destiny realized.
The Compromise of 1850
Henry Clay, U.S. senator from Kentucky, was determined to find a solution. In 1820 he had
resolved a fiery debate over the spread of slavery with his Missouri Compromise. Now, thirty
years later, the matter surfaced again within the walls of the Capitol. But this time the stakes
were higher -- nothing less than keeping the Union together.
There were several points at issue:
• The United States had recently acquired a vast territory -- the result of its war with Mexico.
Should the territory allow slavery, or should it be declared free? Or maybe the inhabitants
should be allowed to choose for themselves?
•California -- a territory that had grown tremendously with the gold rush of 1849, had
recently petitioned Congress to enter the Union as a free state. Should this be allowed? Ever
since the Missouri Compromise, the balance between slave states and free states had been
maintained; any proposal that threatened this balance would almost certainly not win
approval.
•There was a dispute over land: Texas claimed that its territory extended all the way to Santa
Fe.
•Finally, there was Washington, D.C. Not only did the nation's capital allow slavery, it was
home to the largest slave market in North America.
On January 29, 1850, the 70-year-old Clay presented a
compromise.
According to the compromise, Texas would relinquish the land in
dispute but, in compensation, be given 10 million dollars -- money it
would use to pay off its debt to Mexico.
Also, the territories of New Mexico, Nevada, Arizona, and Utah would
be organized without mention of slavery. (The decision would be made
by the territories' inhabitants later, when they applied for statehood.)
Regarding Washington, the slave trade would be abolished in the
District of Columbia, although slavery would still be permitted.
Finally, California would be admitted as a free state. To pacify slavestate politicians, who would have objected to the imbalance created by
adding another free state, the Fugitive Slave Act was passed.
Of all the bills that made up the Compromise of 1850, the Fugitive
Slave Act was the most controversial.
The Mexican American War/Manifest Destiny
PRO
Con
Easier and more timely to trade with
Russia and China, on the other side of
the Pacific.
The new land we acquired is fertile for
farming. Very easy to settle.
Land is able to support large
population of people. Many precious
metals there. GOLD.
Boosted America’s power, bigger
country, not as new, puts America on the
global map of power (military power,
economic power)
The US almost as big as Europe.
More land to govern, can bring up
more potential problems.
Millions of dollars were paid for land
and many died.
Mexican American War creates political
division:
Democrats believed this sent a
message that you can’t kill US citizens on
our soil.
Whigs believed it cost America too
much money and America was at a
disadvantage after the war
No benefit from this war.
Further divisions/disagreements over
slavery – the northerners and
southerners fought equally in the war.
ESSAY