Transcript The American System - CLIO History Journal

James Monroe and “The Era of
Good Feelings”
Monroe Doctrine
“The Era Of Good Feelings”
• “The Era of Good
Feelings” was a period of
national pride and political
peace associated with
James Monroe
• Jeffersonian Republicans
accept Hamilton’s
economic plans.
Americans expected civil
discord between the
political parties.
Anglo- American Peace
• 1815 American trade
is important to the
British economy
• 1818 both nations
settle the Canadian
boundary dispute and
agree that both nations
will control the
Oregon territory for 10
years
Monroe Doctrine
• Named for James Monroe
• 5th President of the United States 1817-1925
• Monroe brought a vision of an expanded America to his presidency—a
vision that helped facilitate the formulation of what has become known as
the Monroe Doctrine. Because this Doctrine bears his name, the general
public is not inclined to recognize the significant contributions made by
Secretary of State John Quincy Adams and unofficial presidential advisor
Thomas Jefferson.
• The Doctrine was presented in an address to congress December 2, 1823
Monroe Doctrine
• In Latin America, it is a period of revolution
and liberation.
• Chile, Venezuela, Mexico and Brazil have
gained their freedom from Spain and
Portugal. The United States recognizes
them as legitimate countries.
• America fears that other foreign countries
like France and Britain may now want to
control these countries in Latin America.
Monroe Doctrine
• Warns European nations that they cannot
set up colonies or interfere in Latin
American problems anymore.
• The United States will protect North and
South America from any European
influence.
• The United States will not involve itself in
European affairs militarily or politically.
Monroe Doctrine Political
Cartoon
Monroe Doctrine Political
Cartoon
Monroe Doctrine
Political Cartoon
Directions:
• Use this PowerPoint along with the text of the Monroe
Doctrine to complete a Document Analysis Worksheet.
• We will meet as a class to go over the results, then answer
some questions on the document.
Questions on the Monroe Doctrine
• To what event(s) or condition(s) in the history of the United
States and/or its diplomacy does each section refer?
• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address
American concerns for peace and safety?
• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine invoke U.S.
sympathy for revolutionary governments in South America?
• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine continue the
American policy of neutrality?
• In what ways, if any, does the Monroe Doctrine address
American desires to expand its territory?
• Do you see any other motives behind the Monroe Doctrine?
The Cold War: Domino Theory
and Containment
Korea, Vietnam
Cuba, Central America
Middle East
Terms to Know: The Arms Race
Brinkmanship:
US needed to act as
though we are willing
to go to war.
Had to go to the
“brink” the verge of
war without slipping
into it.
Arms Race in the Sky
• ICBMs
• Long range rockets
loaded with nuclear
weapons
• Sputnik
• The rocket that carried
the first satellite into
space could also carry
a nuclear weapon to
space.
Arms Race in the Sky
• U2 – high altitude
planes that flew over
territory and took
pictures.
• 15 miles in the air.
• U2 Incident: 1960
• Russia was able to
shoot down a U2
The Domino Theory: Asia
• 1949: Communists
take over China.
• Most populated
country in the world
had gone Communist.
• Led by Mao Zedong
Korea
• After WWII Korea
was divided at the 38th
Parallel.
• North – Russian
controlled
• South – US Controlled
• 1948 – occupying
forces withdrew.
Korean War
• Both sides wanted
reunification – but
under whose rule?
• 1950 – North Korea
army poured across
38th Parallel to force
reunification.
Korean War
• US thought it was all
orchestrated by the
Communists.
• The last thing the US wanted
was another war, but they
thought they had to make a
stand against the Communist
North Koreans.
• This became known as
Containment policy.
Korean War: UN Military Action
• 16 nations – including
the US – came to
defend South Korea
from North Korea.
• 80% of troops were
American.
Waging the Korean War
• General Douglas
MacArthur led the
offense against North
Korea
• Backed by Soviet and
Chinese weapons and
soldiers.
MacArthur goes too far
• To push the North
Koreans back behind
the 38th Parallel,
destroy the
Communists in North
Korea, or attack
China?
• MacArthur wanted the
second front in China.
MacArthur goes too far
• President Truman said NO
to invading China.
• MacArthur tried to go
behind the Commander in
Chief’s back (Truman)
and get Congressional
support.
• Truman FIRED
MacArthur for
insubordination.
• 1951.
Korean War
• Truman spent his
presidency keeping the
war contained to
Korea.
• President Eisenhower
used the threat of a
nuclear attack to get
the North Koreans to
return behind the 38th
Parallel.
Effects of the Korean War
• 34,000 Americans
dead in three years
(1950 – 1953)
• Containment had
worked
• But North Korea was
and still is
Communist.
The Domino Theory: Vietnam
1954 - 1975
• 2000 years Vietnam
has resisted being
absorbed into China.
• 1800s Vietnam
became a colony for
France.
• WWII:
• Fought for
independence from
Japan
Ho Chi Minh
• Fought for
independence before,
during and after WII.
• Leader of a group
called the Viet Minh.
• Defeated the French in
1954.
1954 Peace Treaty over Vietnam
• Divided Vietnam.
• North Vietnam –
Communist under Ho
Chi Minh
• South Vietnam –
Supposed to be
capitalist and
democratic.
• SUPPOSED TO BE
South Vietnam
• President Diem
• Called himself
“president”
• Said he was pro-USA
• Brutally put down any
opponents.
• Pro-Catholic in a
mostly Buddhist
country.
• Corruption to make his
family rich.
Remember that the CIA used to
be able to do political
assassination?
• That’s what happened
to President Diem!
• CIA authorized and
said the US would not
object to Diem’s
overthrow.
• Diem ended up dead
trying to flee.
• November 1963
Containment in Vietnam
• President Eisenhower
• Military advisors for South
Vietnamese.
• President Kennedy
• Sent troops to keep North
Vietnam contained.
• President Johnson
• “I’m not going to be the
president who saw
Southeast Asia go the way
China went.”
Containment in Vietnam
• Robert McNamara –
Secretary of Defense
for Kennedy and
Johnson
• Created policies that
led to more US
involvement.
• Movement away from
nuclear threat to a
“flexible response”
• Finding different ways
to fight a war than
nuclear threat option.
Reflection Questions
• What caused the reversal in US diplomatic
policy?
• Do you think it was justified?
• Were there any other options available?
• Do you think that Containment policy was
necessary in Vietnam?