Transcript 2011-2012 USVA SOL Part 9 Key Domestic Events in the 1920s and

Key Domestic Events in the
1920s and 1930s
2011-2012 USVA SOL
Part IX
Who was the 28th President
Woodrow Wilson’s plan for
peace at the close of World
War I
14 Points
What part of the plan was
controversial to many
Americans?
The League of Nations
What did those Americans who did
not like the League of Nations not
like about it?
The potential of becoming
entangled in foreign affairs and
wars
What is the term for wanting
to pull away from world
affairs?
Isolationism
Wilson’s 14 points were included
in what treaty?
The Treaty of Versailles
What country was severely punished
by the Treaty of Versailles?
Germany
Did the Senate ratify the
treaty?
No
What country had exited World
War I in 1917 due to a revolution?
Russia
What was the name of the
revolution?
The Bolshevik Revolution
Who was the leader of the
Revolution?
Vladimir Lennin
What political and economic
philosophy did Lenin and the
Bolsheviks ascribe to?
Communism
Communism is based on the theories
developed by this individual
Karl Marx
In the United States, about
75,000 people joined the
Communist Party. A fear of
communism swept the nation.
The Red Scare
An agency in the Justice
Department was set up to
investigate, and if necessary,
arrest the following groups:
communists, socialists, and
anarchists. What did this agency
come to be known as?
The agency later became the
Federal Bureau of
Investigation, or (F.B.I.)
These two anarchists were
perceived by the world of receiving
prejudicial injustice. After a
controversial trial and a series of
appeals, the two Italian immigrants
were executed.
Sacco and Vanzetti
This was the movement of
thousands of African Americans
from the South to cities of the
North between 1910 and 1920.
Great Migration
Over 25 race riots took place
during the-
Red Summer of 1919
This group was revived at the end
of World War I. They turned
against blacks, Jews, Roman
Catholics, immigrants, and union
leaders. They used violence to keep
these groups “in their place.” They
briefly gained political power in
several states.
KuImmigration
Klux Klan
Limiting
This set a limit on how many
immigrants from each country
could enter the United States
every year.
Quota System
What presidential candidate
promised a return towards
“normalcy”
Warren G. Harding
What number president was he?
29th
President Harding chose to take a
hands off approach with
government interference in
business. What is this known as?
Laissez-Faire Economics
In 1921, President Harding invited
the five major naval powers (the
U.S., Great Britain, Japan,
France, and Italy), to this
conference, to urge that no more
war ships be built for ten years
and that many of their existing
warships be scrapped.
The Washington Naval Conference
64 nations signed this pact saying
they would give up war as national
policy.
Kellog-Briand Pact
Devised by a US Banker to help
France and Britain to repay the
money they had borrowed during
World War I., this plan loaned
U.S. money to Germany to pay
back Britain and France which then
paid back their American loan.
Dawes Plan
The Scandal that blemished
Harding’s Presidency. Members of
his cabinet took kickbacks when
they leased government lands with
oil reserves to oil companies.
Teapot Dome Scandal
During his third year as president
Harding died. Who became the 30th
President of the United States?
30th
In the 1920’s 2 million people a
year left the country to come to -
cities
Intended to improve the lives of
all Americans, to protect
individuals, families, and society
at large from the devastating
effects of alcohol abuse.
Prohibition
In 1919, Prohibition, the ban on
alcoholic beverages, was set forth by
this amendment to the United States
Constitution as it was ratified by the
states.
18th
Amendment
During Prohibition hidden saloons
and nightclubs served liquor
illegally. What were these illegal
establishments known as?
Speakeasies
What were the people known as
who smuggled the alcohol?
Bootleggers (or Rum Runners)
In 1920 this amendment was
ratified by the states to give
women suffrage
19th Amendment
In 1848, the women’s suffrage
had begun here
Seneca Falls Convention
As more and more people moved from
the country to the cities, the new
urban culture influenced many women.
Their symbol was the
Flapper
a phrase used to describe the
1920s as a boisterous era of
prosperity, fast cars,
jazz, speakeasies, and wild youth.
The Roaring Twenties
The first highly publicized trial
concerning the teaching of
evolution. The trial also
represents a dramatic clash
between traditional and modern
values in America of the 1920s
Scopes Trial
Term for art and entertainment
for average people
Popular Culture
The most powerful of the mass
media was
Radio
In 1927 this man flew the first
trans-Atlantic flight nonstop
from New York to Paris
Charles Lindbergh
This writer coined the term “Jazz
Age” to describe the twenties.
His book, The Great Gatsby,
showed the negative side of the
age.
F. Scott Fitzgerald
A renewal and flourishing of blac
k literary and musical
culture during the years after W
orld War I in the Harlem section
of New York City.
Harlem Renaissance
In the 1920s, he wrote about the
daily lives of working class blacks.
He wove the tempos of jazz and
the blues into his poems.
Langston Hughes
The most famous female
writer of the Harlem
Renaissance. She collected the
folklore of poor southern
blacks. She also wrote novels,
short stories, and poems.
Zora Neale Hurston
Most popular Composer of the
Harlem Renaissance
Duke Ellington
Coolidge shared this economic
philosophy with Harding
Laissez-Faire Economics
What political party did both
Harding and Coolidge belong to?
The Republican Party
Both Harding and Coolidge stopped
cracking down on monopolies. What is
another name for a monopoly?
A trust
How was the economy doing during
the administrations of Harding and
Coolidge?
It was doing well
What is the famous quote by
Coolidge?
“The chief business of the
American people is business.”
This changed the American
landscape. Because of it, new
roads were built, and new
businesses sprang up such as gas
stations, repair shops, public
garages, motels, tourist camps
and shopping centers.
The Automobile
The most famous of these cars
was the
Model T Ford
Who was the producer of this
car?
Henry Ford
What process did he popularize,
propelling the United States into
a new era of mass production?
The Assembly Line
This American city grew as a major
center of automobile manufacturing
and remains one to this day
Detroit
In the 1920’s, businesses used
this to sell goods. It didn’t just
give information about the
product. Now, it used psychology.
Advertisements
New machinery and the use of
assembly line methods resulted in
impressive gains in the amount of
work done in a given time. What is a
term for this?).
productivity
Because the economy was doing so
well, people rushed to buy stocks.
Many people were buying risky
stocks in hopes of a quick profit.
What is a term for this?
speculation
A term for when the market is
doing very well and public
confidence in stocks causes prices
to rise.
Bull Market
In the 1920s it was common
practice for people to buy
stocks by paying a small
percent of the price with one’s
own money and finance the
rest with a bank loan. What is
this known as?
Buying Stocks “on margin”
When Coolidge decided not to run
for reelection in 1928, the
Republicans nominated this man
Herbert Hoover
Hoover pointed out that people
should vote for him because the
market was doing fantastic under
Republican hands. He pointed to a
measure of 30 popular stocks known
as this-
The Dow Jones Industrial
Average
Herbert Hoover would go on to win
the presidency. What number
president was he?
31st
an arrangement in which
consumers agreed to make
monthly payments with
interest
credit
This tariff was projected to
increase import taxes on more
than 1000 items.
Hawley Smoot Tariff
On Tuesday, October 29th, 1929,
Stock prices fell so sharply that
people said the market had
“crashed”. What was this day known
as?
Black Tuesday
a period during the 1930s when
there was a worldwide economic
depression and mass
unemployment
The Great Depression
The area of the south central US
that became devoid of topsoil by
wind erosion during the droughts
of the mid-1930s
Dust Bowl
Impoverished migrant farm
workers, especially those who
left Oklahoma during the
Depression of the 1930s to work
elsewhere in the US
Okies
This president was blamed by many
Americans for failure of managing
the country during the Great
Depression.
Herbert Hoover
Many people began calling the shanty
towns that had begun popping up near
the nations cities these
Hoovervilles
What percentage of Americans would
go unemployed during the Great
Depression?
25%
Thousands of veterans and their
families came to Washington
and set up tents to live near
the Capitol Building. These
veterans had been promised
bonuses to make up for their
poor war time pay.
The Bonus Army
After Congress voted not to give
the veterans the bonus checks,
Hoover asked the Bonus Army
participants to leave. Many did
not, and after confrontations with
police Hoover sent in the military.
Who did he put in charge?
Douglass MacArthur
Many Americans wanted a change
in leadership. They decided to
nd
elect this man as the 32
president of the United States.
In FDR’s Inaugural address he said
this to motivate and assure the
American people
“Only Thing We Have to Fear
Is Fear Itself”
Roosevelt and his advisors
planned programs to end the
Depression. These programs
became known as
The New Deal
Created in 1935 under the New Deal, it
aimed to stimulate the economy during
the Great Depression and preserve the
skills and self-respect of unemployed
persons by providing them useful work.
During its existence, it employed 8.5
million people in the construction of
650,000 mi (1,046,000 km) of roads,
125,000 public buildings, 75,000 bridges,
8,000 parks, and 800 airports.
(Works Progress
Administration—WPA)
Part of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's New
Deal program. Its purpose was to help
farmers by reducing production of staple
crops, thus raising farm prices and
encouraging more diversified farming.
Farmers were given benefit payments in
return for limiting acreage given to staple
crops
(Agricultural Adjustment
Administration—AAA).
a federally sponsored
corporation that insures
accounts in national banks and
other qualified institutions
(Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation—FDIC)
A law enacted by President Franklin
D. Roosevelt in 1935 to create a
system of transfer payments in
which younger, working people
support older, retired people.
Social Security Act
What did FDR try to do to make sure
that his programs were not declared
unconstitutional by the Supreme
Court?
He tried to increase the number
of Supreme Court Justices
the act protected workers'
rights to form unions and to
bargain collectively
Wagner Act
Roosevelt reluctantly financed
the New Deal by spending more
money than the government
receives in revenue. What is this
known as?
deficit spending
Messages to the American people that
President Franklin D. Roosevelt broadcast on
the radio. He began making the informal
addresses on March 12, 1933, during the Great
Depression. Sometimes beginning his talks with
"My friends," Roosevelt urged listeners to
have faith in the banks and to support his New
Deal measures
Fireside Chats
The legacy of the New Deal
influenced the public’s belief in the
responsibility of the
__________________to deliver
public services, to intervene in the
economy, and to act in ways that
promote the general welfare.
government
The Great Depression
ultimately ended when the
United States became
involved in this war
World War II