Transcript Missouri controversy

• Missouri Compromise (slavery/sectionalism)
• Monroe Doctrine (Europe)
• Indian Removal
Missouri Compromise (1820)
• U.S. Congress dilemma about morality of slavery:
– should slavery be allowed in Louisiana Territory?
• Congress got statehood applications from:
– Missouri
– “northern” state
– climate good for cotton (very profitable)
– Maine (separated from Massachusetts)
• sectionalism
• trying to balance power btw. slave & free states
(1820–1860)
• “principle of balance”: states admitted in pairs
to keep Senate ½ slave & ½ free states
Missouri Compromise
↑ CANADA—British to 1867
1810–1830:
nearly all colonies in America
became independent,
creole-dominated countries
• exceptions:
– Canada (British until 1867)
– Cuba (Spanish until SpanishAmerican War, 1898–1899)
– Puerto Rico
(Spanish until S-A War, 1899,
now U.S. commonwealth)
– Jamaica (British until 1962)
– British Guiana (1966)
(now: Guyana)
– British Honduras (1981)
(now: Belize)
– Dutch Guiana (1975)
(now: Suriname)
– French Guiana (still French)
– assorted Caribbean islands
(still French, British, Dutch, U.S.)
Monroe Doctrine (1823)
• 1810–1822: much of
Central & South America
got independence from Spain
– like U.S. in 1776
• United States:
– asserted itself as dominant force
in the Western Hemisphere
(still does)
– wanted to keep
Western Hemisphere from
being re-colonized by Europe
– would stay out of European wars
(did until late in World War I)

cartoon depicting Uncle Sam
(the United States) telling European leaders
they could not cross a line to (re-)colonize
the Western Hemisphere
Monroe Doctrine
• Monroe’s 7th State of the Union address (Dec. 2, 1823):
• “the American continents, by the free and independent
condition which they have assumed and maintain,
are henceforth not to be considered as subjects for future
colonization by any European powers”
• “[we consider] any attempt on their part to extend their
system to any portion of this hemisphere as dangerous to
our peace and safety.”
• “In the wars of the European powers in matters relating to
themselves we have never taken any part, nor does it
comport with our policy so to do.”
Jackson & Native Americans
• Andrew Jackson
– first president from west of the Appalachians
– war hero (forced Creek Indians off land in Alabama
during War of 1812)
– whites
• wanted agricultural land
• saw Natives as “inferior savages” blocking progress
– since William Bradford’s writings in the 1650s
– (125,000 Native Americans living east of Mississippi River
[1820])
Jackson & Native Americans
• Congress passed Indian Removal Act (1830)
• Natives forced to:
– adopt white ways or leave eastern U.S.
– give up 100 million acres in:
• South (Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, Mississippi)
• Midwest (Wisconsin, Michigan, Indiana, Illinois, Iowa)
– march cross-country to reservations in west
removal of Native Americans in 1830s
Andrew Jackson,
State of the Union address (Dec. 6, 1830)
(Greenberg, document 10, pp. 60–63)
“It puts an end to all possible danger of collision between the
authorities of the General and State Governments on account
of the Indians. It will place a dense and civilized population in
large tracts of country now occupied by a few savage hunters.
. . . It will relieve the . . . State of Mississippi and the western
part of Alabama of Indian occupancy, and enable those States
to advance rapidly in population, wealth, and power. It will
separate the Indians from immediate contact with settlements
of whites; free them from the power of the States; enable them
to pursue happiness in their own way and under their own rude
institutions; will retard the progress of decay, which is
lessening their numbers, and perhaps cause them gradually,
under the protection of the Government and through the
influence of good counsels, to cast off their savage habits and
become an interesting, civilized, and Christian community.”
JOURNAL ENTRY 11
• In your own words:
What did Andrew Jackson think were the
benefits of moving Indians onto reservations?
– what were benefits for whites?
– what were benefits for Indians?