Transcript 18.4 America as a World Power

18.4 America as a
World Power
Objectives:
1. Explain how Theodore Roosevelt’s
foreign policy promoted American
power around the world.
2. Describe how Woodrow Wilson’s
missionary diplomacy ensured U.S.
dominance in Latin America.
Russo-Japanese War
 Russia controlled Manchuria,
threatened to take Korea
(controlled by Japanese).
 Japan surprisingly defeated Russia
and asked Roosevelt to mediate
 Russia and Japan meet in
Portsmouth, New Hampshire
 Roosevelt helps iron out a deal,
wins 1906 Nobel Peace Prize
 In 1907, Roosevelt then sent out the
“Great White Fleet”
1907: Great White Fleet
What was its purpose?
Panama Canal
 Torn between Panama and
Nicaragua
 Panama was a province of
Colombia
 America helped Panama gain
independence, took control of a
ten mile strip wide canal zone
 America also retained the right to
interfere, just like in Cuba
 10 years, $400 million, 5,600
workers(4,500 were African Amer.)
 Great for business, but it hurt our
relationships with Latin America,
especially Colombia
Roosevelt Corollary
 “Speak softly and carry a big stick; you will go far.”
 “Big Stick” diplomacy
 European intervention in Latin America might:
 “force the United States…to the exercise of an international police
power.”
 Taft used dollar diplomacy to keep European nations at bay
 What is Dollar Diplomacy?
Roosevelt Corollary
“Roosevelt Corollary of December 1904 stated that
the United States would intervene as a last resort to
ensure that other nations in the Western Hemisphere
fulfilled their obligations to international creditors, and
did not violate the rights of the United States or invite
"foreign aggression to the detriment of the entire
body of American nations." As the corollary worked
out in practice, the United States increasingly used
military force to restore internal stability to nations in
the region. Roosevelt declared that the United States
might "exercise international police power in 'flagrant
cases of such wrongdoing or impotence.'" Over the
long term the corollary had little to do with relations
between the Western Hemisphere and Europe, but it
did serve as justification for U.S. intervention in Cuba,
Nicaragua, Haiti, and the Dominican Republic.”
“Big Sister” becomes “Big Brother”
Why were Latin American countries nervous of Teddy Roosevelt?
1.
Santo Domingo
2.
Cuba
3.
Puerto Rico
4.
Panama Canal  Encouraged a revolution
5.
Roosevelt Corollary (“preventive intervention”)
Occupation
a. 1905 - Dominican Republic
b. 1906 – Cuba
Wilson’s “missionary diplomacy”
 Wilson denied recognition to any country that was “oppressive,
undemocratic, or hostile to U.S. interests.”
 MEXICAN REVOLUTION
 1911: Wilson refuses to recognize Huerta dictatorship
 Huerta executed the previous President to gain power
 1914: Wilson orders US Marines to occupy Veracruz
 Huerta’s regime collapses. Carranza takes over.
PANCHO VILLA
 Pancho Villa and Emilio Zapata
start rebellion.
 1916: Villa’s “troops” invade
New Mexico, kill Americans.
 Wilson orders John J. Pershing
and 15,000 troops into Mexico
to hunt down Villa.
 US troops fail to capture Villa,
withdrawn to fight WWI.
LONG-TERM EFFECT???
TR’s Big Stick v.
WW’s Missionary Diplomacy
Map: The United States and the Mexican
Revolution
Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.
ANALYSIS:
What were US foreign policy goals during the imperial era?
1. Access to foreign markets
2. Built a modern navy to protect US interests
3. Act as an international “police power”
Was the US successful?
In the short-run?
In the long-run?
WILSON ABROAD –
“MISSIONARY/MORAL DIPLOMACY”
Isolationist / pacifist?
Interventionist?
 Does not support dollar
diplomacy
 Haiti
 Loosen grip in Philippines
 Negotiates with Japan
re: CA anti-immig. laws
 Restraint dealing with Mex.
Revolution and Huerta
 Dominican Republic
 Virgin Islands
 Nicaragua
 Gen. Pershing’s invasion of
Mexico in 1917 - Pancho Villa
Campaign
TERMS
 Panama Canal
 Objectives:
 Roosevelt Corollary
 1. Explain how Theodore
Roosevelt’s foreign policy
promoted American power
around the world.
 Dollar diplomacy
 Francisco “Pancho” Villa
 John J. Pershing
 2. Describe how Woodrow
Wilson’s missionary diplomacy
ensured U.S. dominance in Latin
America.