Transcript Black Hawk

The Removal of Native
Americans
Chapter 10, Section 2
California State Standards - 8.8, 8.8.2
Looking Back, Looking Ahead
In Section 1, you learned about some of the
actions
Andrew Jackson took as president. In section 2,
you will learn about his policies toward Native
Americans.
Main Ideas
As settlements spread westward, many Native
Americans were forced off their lands.
Some groups of Native Americans attempted to
resist relocation. Most were eventually taken
from their land by force.
People and Vocabulary to
Know
Black Hawk
Osceola
relocate
guerrilla tactics
federal
remove
Did you know?
In their war against the United States, the
Seminoles used guerrilla tactics, making surprise
attacks and then retreating back to the forests.The
word guerrilla comes from the Spanish word for war,
guerra.
The word was first used to describe SpanishPortuguese rebels who helped the British drive the
French from the Iberian Peninsula during the wars
of 1809–1813.
What Was life Like for Native Americans
in the 1830s?
Many Native Americans still lived in the southeastern part
of the United States in the 1830s.
These tribes, called the Five Civilized Tribes, established
successful farming communities.
The area west of the Mississippi was dry and seemed
unsuitable for farming, so few white Americans lived
there. Settlers wanted the federal government to relocate
the Native Americans of the Southeast to this area.
President Andrew Jackson supported the settlers.
What Was the Indian Removal
Act?
In 1830 Congress passed the Indian
Removal Act, which allowed the federal
government to pay Native Americans to
move west.
In 1834 Congress created the Indian
Territory, an area in present-day
Oklahoma, for the Native Americans of
the Southeast.
What Was the Cherokee
Nation?
After the arrival of the Europeans, the Cherokee agreed
to become a separate nation within Georgia called the
Cherokee Nation. There they had their own schools,
newspaper, and constitution.
A Cherokee named Sequoya, created the Cherokee
alphabet.
The Cherokee Nation refused to give up its land in
Georgia and sued the state. The case went to the
Supreme Court, which ruled that Georgia had no right to
interfere with the Cherokee.
Did Jackson Follow The Law?
President Jackson
vowed to ignore
the Supreme
Court and remove
the Cherokee.
What Was the Trail of Tears?
In 1835 the federal government convinced a few
Cherokee to sign a treaty giving up the land, but
many Cherokee refused to comply with the treaty.
In 1838 federal troops went to Georgia to remove
the Cherokee. Under threat of military action, the
Cherokee began the march west.
Many Cherokee died on the journey. This forced
march is known as the Trail of Tears.
Discussion Question
How did the Cherokee get the land in Georgia?
(The Cherokee received land in Georgia through
treaties with the United States government in the
1790s. The federal government had recognized the
Cherokee people as a separate nation with their
own laws.)
Who Led the Native American
Resistance?
Black Hawk, a Sauk chieftain, led a force of Sauk
and Fox people to Illinois to reclaim land, but federal
troops defeated them.
The Seminole were the only Native Americans who
successfully resisted their removal. The Seminole
chief Osceola refused to sign the treaties to give up
their land.
What Was the Dade
Massacre?
1835 - Seminole joined forces with African Americans who escaped
slavery. Attacked settlements on Florida coast using guerrilla
tactics, making surprise attacks and then retreating into the forests.
Dade Massacre of 1835- Seminole ambushed soldiers, killing most
1842- 1,500+ American soldiers died in Seminole wars.
Government allowed the Seminole to remain in Florida. However,
many Seminole had been killed or captured and forced to move west.
After 1842 only a few Native Americans lived east of the Mississippi.
Who Were the Five Civilized
Tribes?
The Native Americans who were relocated west
lived on reservations—land set aside for use by
Native Americans.
The Five Civilized Tribes in present-day Oklahoma
set up their own governments and built schools.
Discussion Questions
Why were the Seminole efforts ineffective?
(Even though the federal government gave up and
let the Seminole have their land in Florida, many
Seminole had been killed or captured, and few
remained in Florida.)
Chapter 10, Section 2 Review
page 457
1. Describe how President Jackson reacted to the
Supreme Court decision supporting the Cherokees’
rights.
2. How were the Seminole able to resist relocation?
4. How was Georgia’s policy toward the Cherokee
different from previous federal policy?
5. Write a letter to Andrew Jackson telling him why
the Native Americans should or should not be allowed
to stay in their homelands.