Transcript Two Nations Live on the Edge

TWO NATIONS LIVE ON
THE EDGE
COLD WAR CONFLICTS
REVIEW
• US and Soviet Union become suspicious of each
other
• Germany is split into democratic West and
Communist East
• Berlin too…
• Iron Curtain
• Korean War
• HUAC
• McCarthyism
MAIN IDEA
• During the 1950s, the United States and the Soviet
Union came to the brink of nuclear war
• Why it matters now
• The Cold War continued into the following decades,
affecting US policies in Cuba, Central America, Southeast
Asia, and the Middle East
OBJECTIVES
• Define the policy of brinkmanship
• Describe instances of containment throughout the
Middle East and Latin America
• Compare and Contrast Stalin and Khrushchev
BRINKMANSHIP RULES U.S. POLICY
• The Soviets explode their first atomic bomb in 1949
• An arms race had begun
• President Truman decides that America needs to
develop an even stronger weapon
RACE FOR THE H-BOMB
• H-Bomb – Hydrogen bomb with the force of 1
million tons of TNT
• Arguments over the morality of creating such a
weapon
• The US decides to develop the bomb before the
Soviets can
• The US wins the race in 1952… The Soviets develop
their own bomb a year later…
THE POLICY OF BRINKMANSHIP
• Dwight D. Eisenhower –
president when both
countries had developed
the H-bomb
• John Foster Dulles –
secretary of state that was
extremely anti-communist
• Under Eisenhower the policy
of brinkmanship, all out war
with the use of H-bombs,
goes into effect
• Fear of nuclear war
becomes a constant in daily
life
CHECKPOINT
• Define the policy of brinkmanship.
• Brinkmanship, as a policy, is
.
COLD WAR SPREADS AROUND THE
WORLD
• Central Intelligent Agency (CIA) – uses spies to
gather information from other countries. They carry
out covert, or secret, operations
• The CIA responded to potential “unfriendly”
governments in the Middle East and Latin America
WARSAW PACT
• In 1955, Western Germany was able to join NATO
and build up an army
• The Soviet Union responded by creating the Warsaw
Pact – linked the Soviet Union with 7 Eastern
European nations
• Eisenhower met the Soviets in Geneva to try and
develop an “open skies” proposal
WAR IN THE MIDDLE EAST
• Eisenhower Doctrine – Said the United States would
defend the Middle East against a communist attack
HUNGARIAN UPRISING
• Hungary was a Soviet
satellite nation that wanted
a democratic government
• They revolted against Soviet
rule
• The Soviets responded by
sending tanks into the cities
killing 30,000 Hungarians
• America did not apply the
Truman Doctrine to Hungary
because it was a satellite
nation
CHECKPOINT
• Which agency did the United States create as a
secret organization that held secret missions to stop
the spread of communism throughout the world?
• The
was created to weaken or
overthrow “unfriendly” governments around the
world.
THE COLD WAR TAKES TO THE SKIES
• After Stalin’s death, Nikita
Khrushchev came into power.
He wanted to spread
communism all over the world
but he wished to do so
peacefully.
• Competition between the US
and the Soviets turned toward
economics and science
• The Soviets got the first satellite
into space (sputnik)
• Americans were shocked by
being beaten. The US got a
satellite into space the
following year
A U-2 IS SHOT DOWN
• The US started to fly U-2 planes, that could not be detected, at high altitudes
over the Soviet Union
• These flights took pictures of troop movements and missile sites
• Francis Gary Powers was a U-2 pilot that was shot down by the Soviets
• Eisenhower initially denied there was a flight but the Soviets had evidence
• This event in 1960 opened the decade to renewed tensions between the US
and the Soviet Union
CHECKPOINT
• How was Khrushchev and Stalin alike? How were
they different?
• Khrushchev was like Stalin because
.
• Stalin and Khrushchev were not completely alike
because
.