Transcript Origins of the Cold War

COLD WAR
War fought between two
major Super Powers
without shots being fired
directly at each other
COLD WAR
Origins of the Cold War
Russian Revolution
Fear of the spread of
Communism
COLD WAR
United States help the
“whites” during the
Russian civil war
Lenin and Communists
began to mistrust the West
COLD WAR
Red Scare
Turned against
Radicals, pacifists,
foreigners
Palmer Raids
COLD WAR
State of the World
Russian Revolution
Fear of the spread of
Communism
COLD WAR
Palmer Raids
Communist Party formed in
the United States
Union members
COLD WAR
Palmer Raids
Mail bombs were sent to
Government officials
Businessmen
COLD WAR
Attorney General
Mitchell Palmer
COLD WAR
Anarchist were targeted
Civil Rights violated
Private homes raided
Jailed suspects
Deportations without trials
COLD WAR
Palmer Raids failed
No revolution evidence
uncovered
No explosives
COLD WAR
Espionage Act of 1917
Sedition Act 1917
Could not interfere with war
effort or saying anything
disloyal to the government
COLD WAR
If convicted 10,000 fine
and up to 20 years in jail
COLD WAR
Even speech against
the war or draft was
illegal
COLD WAR
Supreme Court case
Schenk v. United States
Schenk distributed antidraft pamphlets
COLD WAR
Convicted under Alien and
Sedition Act
Took case to Supreme Court
Violated free speech and 1st
Amendment
COLD WAR
Supreme Court ruled in
favor of the Government
Reasoning
Pamphlet presented a “Clear
and Present Danger”
COLD WAR
War time is different
Than ordinary times
You are not protected under
free speech if you yell “Fire”
In a crowded theater and
cause a panic
COLD WAR
Justice Oliver Wendell
Holmes delivered majority
opinion
COLD WAR
Truman in office
COLD WAR
Post War
Europe devastated in
ruins
Learned from Treaty of
Versailles.
COLD WAR
State of the world
No European country
not devastated or least
damage by war
COLD WAR
Agriculture
Industry
Transportation
In ruins
COLD WAR
• What does Europe have
in favor for a quicker
recovery than a third
world nation?
COLD WAR
United States never
bombed emerged as
only real power in the
world
COLD WAR
Soviet Union
Weak and in disarray
COLD WAR
United States is in
no immediate danger of
Soviet Union
COLD WAR
U. S. is in
fear of Communist
Aggression
Spread of Communist
ideology spreading
COLD WAR
Soviets feared
“Capitalist encirclement”
COLD WAR
Climate of mutual
distrust
COLD WAR
Occupied Germany
Divided into 4 sectors
France, Great Britain,
Russia and the United
States
COLD WAR
Berlin
Capital of country
located in Russian
sector
City divided into the
same 4 vectors
COLD WAR
Truman stance
“We must stand up to
the Russians”
COLD WAR
Terms of Germany Post
war
Disarm country
Dismantle military
factories
COLD WAR
Goal was to rebuild
German industry not
military
COLD WAR
Unified Germany
presents a problem to
Soviet Union
Traditional enemy of
Russia
COLD WAR
Such concern about
rebuilding of Germany
Soviets built “buffer
countries”
COLD WAR
Set up puppet
governments in Poland,
Hungary, Romania, and
Bulgaria
COLD WAR
Soviet influence in
Eastern Europe became
a serious problem for
west
COLD WAR
Economic devastation in
Europe could equal
opportunity for
communism to spread
COLD WAR
United States developed
policy of
Containment
COLD WAR
George F. Kennan
credited with policy
Containment
3 points
COLD WAR
Identify Soviets as an
evil expansionist
Rallying cry to back the
president
Peacetime military build
up
COLD WAR
Crisis
Greek communist
guerillas launched a
revolution against
elected government of
Greece
COLD WAR
United States feared
Communist take over
Not aligned with Soviet
Union
Concerned spread of
communism
COLD WAR
United States provided no
military assistance
Gave aid to Greek
government and threat
eased
COLD WAR
Truman Doctrine
Military and economical
relief to any country
beginnings of
“domino theory”
COLD WAR
To stop the spread of
communism
National Securities Act
Established Department of
Defense
COLD WAR
National Security
Council
Central Intelligence
Agency (CIA)
Atomic Energy
Commission
COLD WAR
Development of atomic
energy and weapons
Executive power and
policy making shifted
COLD WAR
Marshall Plan
History was not
repeated
United States offered
massive aid to rebuild
Europe
COLD WAR
By offering aid and
assistance Marshall plan
attempted to make
communism less
attractive to western
Europe
COLD WAR
BERLIN AIRLIFT
France, Britain and
United States fused their
sectors of Berlin
COLD WAR
Economic recovery was
progressing in West
Berlin
Soviets alarmed
blockaded rivers,
highways and rails
COLD WAR
Attempted to starve the
city
Truman responded with
an airlift of supplies to
West Berlin
COLD WAR
Cold War confrontation
Situation is resolved
militarily without a shot
being fired at each other
directly
COLD WAR
NATO
In response to Soviet
aggression
Free nations of Europe
and United States
COLD WAR
Formed military alliance
NATO
Peacetime military
alliance
COLD WAR
Soviet Union responded
with Warsaw Pact
Eastern Europe and
Soviet Union
Military pact
COLD WAR
Two sides aligned by
alliances
Different economic and
political systems
Both wary of each other
former allies
COLD WAR
Will enter into a “war”
with no direct shots fired
at each other
COLD WAR
China
Revolution by Mao-Tse
Tung
COLD WAR
Communist revolution
deposed United States
backed Government of
Chaing Kai-shek
COLD WAR
Revolution led to two
Chinas
Taiwan (Nationalist
Supported by United
States)
COLD WAR
Mainland China
Ruled by Mao and
Communists
COLD WAR
Feeling in the United
States was containment
failed
Led to a rise in anticommunists feeling in
the government
•COLD WAR
• Soviet Expansion
• Capitalistic Encirclement
• Buffer Countries
• Divided Germany
• Iron Curtain
• Truman Doctrine
• Containment
• MARSHALL PLAN
COLD WAR
Korea
Japan ruled Korea from
1910 until 1945
COLD WAR
After World War II
Japan surrendered North
Korea above the 38th
parallel to the Soviets
COLD WAR
After World War II
Japan surrendered
South Korea below the
th
38 parallel to the
United States
COLD WAR
North Korea backed by
Soviets
South Korea backed by
the United States
`
COLD WAR
June 25, 1950 North
Korea attacked and
invaded South Korea
United Nations
COLD WAR
North aligned with Soviets
South aligned with United
States
COLD WAR
Became an
United Nations
“police action”
Soviets union boycotted
Security Council vote to send
troops to Korea
COLD WAR
16 nations sent troops
Majority of troops were
from United States.
COLD WAR
Douglas MacArthur
placed in charge of
combined forces
•Details of fighting in
Korea
COLD WAR
U N forces
Counter attacked
pushed North back to
Yalu river
• Looked as if the North
would be defeated
COLD WAR
China organized an
attack of over 300,000
troops forced United
Nations forced back to
th
38 parallel
COLD WAR
Communist forces
retook Seoul
American forces
countered and drove
th
forces back to the 38
parallel
COLD WAR
Korean War
became a stalemate
The alternative would
have been an all out war
with China
COLD WAR
Omar Bradley
Chairman of the Joint
Chief of Staffs
Called a war with China
COLD WAR
“the wrong war at the
wrong place at the
wrong time with the
wrong enemy”
COLD WAR
MacArthur vs. Truman
Asia was more
important than Europe
according to MacArthur
COLD WAR
• MacArthur tried to have
Taiwan revolt against China
COLD WAR
Sent a letter to
Congress urging a
complete victory in
Korea
COLD WAR
Complete contradiction
of Truman’s policy
Republicans tried to
undermine Truman to
gain in elections
COLD WAR
Backfired Truman
“relieved” MacArthur of
his command
At stake was civilian
control of the military
COLD WAR
Korea dragged on with no
apparent winner
Armistice was signed
(Cease Fire) No treaty
technically we are still at
“war” with Korea
•KOREA
•YALU RIVER
COLD WAR
NSC-68
September 1949
Rise in radioactivity in
Soviet Union
Soviets now had nuclear
weapons
COLD WAR
NSC-68 recommended
In response to nuclear
armed Soviets
COLD WAR
1. Development of hydrogen
bomb
2. Increase of ground forces
and strong alliances
COLD WAR
3. Build up defensive
weapons to surpass the
Soviets
COLD WAR
4.Became the policy of
the United States to be
in a constant state of
mobilization whether at
war or not