Transcript A Changing Nation - Wappingers Central School District

A Changing Nation
Chapter 10
Building a National Identity
–
After the War of
1812, the
Republicans took
control of the
government
•
In the Presidential
Election of 1816,
James Monroe was
elected, he defeated
Rufus King, the
Federalist candidate
by 183 to 34 electoral
votes
Building a National Identity
•
•
Monroe criss-crossed
the country trying to
get national unity
While he was in
Boston, a newspaper
said the unity was an
“Era of Good
Feelings.”
–
He was re-elected
in 1820, no one ran
against him
Building a National Identity
–
People began to support
federal programs and
prosperity
•
Henry Clay of Kentucky, John C.
Calhoun of South Carolina and
Daniel Webster of
Massachusetts supported
federal action
–
Better roads and canals to
transport goods, states rights,
supporting high tariffs to protect
industry
Building a National Identity
–
Congress
established the
second Bank of the
United States
•
The Bank was
privately owned, it
loaned money to
individuals and
controlled the money
supply
Building a National Identity
–
Because the British could
produce goods cheaper
then the United States
•
•
The British tried to put their
American competitors out of
businesses by dumping
their goods in the United
States
Congress responded by
placing a tariff on the price
of foreign goods
–
This caused southerners to
pay more for their goods
Building a National Identity
–
Henry Clay came up
with the American
System
•
•
It proposed high
tariffs and a federal
program of public
works
Presidents Madison
and Monroe refused
to support the public
works
Building a National Identity
–
Chief Justice John
Marshal, led a series of
important court cases
•
McCulloch V. Maryland
(1819)- protected the
Second Bank of the United
States
–
–
This strengthened the
power of the federal
government
The states did not have the
power to interfere with
federal programs
Building a National Identity
•
•
Dartmouth College V.
Woodward (1819) This ruled
that the college was a private
contract-it was similar to a
private business
Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) The
court case supported federal
power and said that a state
could have a monopoly on a
business-Increased interstate
commerce
Dealing with other Nations
–
Because Spain owned Florida, enslaved
African Americans who escaped from
Georgia and Alabama went south and joined
the Seminole Nation
•
•
•
In 1817, Andrew Jackson went
south to recapture escaped
slaves
He attacked and destroyed
Seminole Villages
He attacked Spanish towns and
forced the governor to flee
–
This caused the Spanish to
cede Florida in the Adams-Onis
Treaty of 1819
Dealing with other Nations
–
The American and French
Revolution had inspired
Mexico to fight for
Independence in 1810.
•
•
Father Miguel Hidalgo gathered
a group of Native Americans to
free several Mexican provinces
(states) before he was captured
and executed.
In 1820, Mexico fought for their
independence from Spain and by
1821, they were independent
Dealing with other Nations
–
In South and
Central America,
Simon Bolivar
helped lead
independence
movements
•
By 1825, most of
Latin America was no
longer under
European rule
Dealing with other Nations
–
President James
Monroe and Secretary of
State John Quincy
Adams wanted to help
protect the new
countries
•
In December 1823,
The Monroe Doctrine
was passed
–
IT said that the United
States would not allow
European nations to
create American
colonies or interfere
with the free nations
Dealing with other Nations
–
–
EUROPEAN
NATIONS MUST
STAY OUT OF THE
AMERICAS
In 1841, in the Act of
Union, Canada,
which was a British
colony was given a
government, the
Canadian
Legislature
The Age of Jackson
–
Andrew Jackson
was President from
1829-1837.
•
•
He had the Nickname
Old Hickory for his
strength
He grew from a poor
orphan at age 14 to a
wealthy president
The Age of Jackson
–
He lost the 1824 election
because, although he got the
majority of popular votes and
electoral votes, he lost the
House election
•
During John Quincy Adams
presidency (1824-1829) he
proposed a national
program to build roads and
canals and having a high
tariff. Create a national
university
–
He did not succeed in any
of this
The Age of Jackson
–
Most states had
begun to extend
their suffrage
•
•
Most adult white men
could vote and hold
office
Women and African
Americans could
not vote
The Age of Jackson
–
Andrew Jackson
was voted in office
because he was a
normal person
•
He did not support
special privileges and
he did not trust
government
The Age of Jackson
–
In 1824, the Republican
Party split and half of
them became the
National Republicans.
Jackson’s Supporters
were called the
Democrats
•
•
By 1836, the National
Republicans were
renamed the Whigs
Nominating conventions
began in 1831
The Age of Jackson
–
Jackson’s election
showed growing
sectionalism and
class divisions
•
–
Jackson supporters
caused a commotion
during his
inauguration
Jackson began the
spoils system by
choosing supporters
for government jobs
Indian Removal
–
Many Natives lived
east of the
Mississippi River
when Jackson
became president
•
•
They had combined
their traditions and
the white traditions
There were new
policies that Thomas
Jefferson had passed
that would try to get
the natives to move
voluntarily.
Indian Removal
–
–
During the War of
1812, Natives in the
North west gave up
their land in a treaty
When thy would not
leave in 1825,
James Monroe
suggested that ALL
the natives would
move West
Indian Removal
–
Georgia passed a law
forcing the Creeks to
give up most of their
land
•
•
The Cherokee nation
would not leave their
land
In the lawsuit Worcester
v. Georgia, Chief
Justice claimed that
treaties have supreme
power
–
Andrew Jackson
wanted to move the
natives and passed
the Indian Removal
Act of 1830.
Indian Removal
–
In the Treaty of
Dancing Rabbit
Creek, the Choctaw
Indians agreed to
give up their lands
•
The government
moved them but did
not provide enough
supplies, it was not a
good situation
Indian Removal
•
In 1838, Martin Van
Buren forced the
Cherokees to move
–
–
•
They were forced to
march hundreds of
miles with little food or
shelter
4,000 people died
The Seminoles in
Florida refused to move
and fought three wars
against the government
of the United States
States rights and the economy
a. The Second Bank of
the United States
was used to make
loans to businesses,
keep money safe
and had careful
policies to create
confidence in banks
States rights and the economy
•
•
Some people feared the
bank because they
thought that they were
giving too much money to
businesses and not
enough to farmers and
merchants
Andrew Jackson said that
that Bank was only
benefiting the Wealthy
–
When the bank needed
to renew their charter,
he would not allow it
States rights and the economy
–
The states were
fighting against the
Federal government
for power, this is still
an issue
Congress passed a
law in 1828 to put a
tariff on iron, textiles
and other products
–
•
This helped the
northern states but
hurt the southern
states
States rights and the economy
•
Vice President John C.
Calhoun of South Carolina
said that states had the
right of nullification
–
•
He said the Union grew
from an agreement
between states and they
had the right to overrule
the federal government
On the opposite side,
Massachusetts’s Senator
Daniel Webster said the United
States was not formed by the
states but by the people, a
state should not be able to
overrule the Federal
Government
States rights and the economy
–
In 1832, Congress
passed another tariff
law on iron and
textiles
•
South Carolina
nullified the tariff and
warned the Federal
government not to
force the tariffs or
they would secede
from the union
States rights and the economy
•
Jackson put federal
troops in South
Carolina and asked
Congress if he could
use force if
necessary
–
–
Congress Approved
South Carolina did
not win support from
other states, and
repealed the
nullification
States rights and the economy
–
In the election of 1836,
Martin Van Buren won
both the electoral and
popular vote
•
•
Because Britain had an
economic slowdown,
cotton prices fell and
American banks could
not collect their loans
and went bankrupt
In the Election of 1840,
Whig Candidate,
William Henry Harrison
won easily over Van
Buren, the Democrats
were no longer in power