Transcript The American Nation

The American Nation
Chapter 9: Launching the New Government, 1789–1800
Section 1:
Washington Takes Office
Section 2:
Creating a Foreign Policy
Section 3:
Political Parties Emerge
Section 4:
The Second President
Political Parties Emerge
•Why did many
Americans distrust the
idea of political
parties?
Many Americans Distrusted Political Parties
Chapter 9, Section 3
• Americans had seen how factions, or
opposing groups within parties,
worked in Britain. Members of factions
were often more interested in
personal gain than in public good.
• Political parties could be a threat to
national unity. They could lead to
“jealousies and false alarms.”
Political Parties Emerge
•How did the views of
Hamilton and
Jefferson differ?
The Views of Hamilton and Jefferson
Chapter 9, Section 3
Issue
Hamilton’s Views
Jefferson’s Views
Manufacturing
or farming
Thought the government
should encourage
manufacturing and trade.
Favored cities and
merchants.
Thought farmers were the
backbone of the nation.
Feared manufacturing would
concentrate power in the
hands of a few wealthy
Americans.
Federal or state
power
Federal government should
have greater power than
state governments. A strong
federal government would
increase commerce and
keep the peace.
A small federal government
would protect individual
freedom. A strong federal
government might take over
powers the Constitution
gave to the states.
Issue
Hamilton’s Views
Jefferson’s Views
Strict or loose
interpretation of
the Constitution
Preferred a loose
interpretation of the
Constitution. Believed the
Constitution gave Congress
the power to make all laws
“necessary and proper” to
carry out its duties. The Bank
of the United States was
necessary.
Preferred a strict
interpretation. Any power not
specifically given to the
federal government belonged
to the states. The Bank of the
United States was
unconstitutional, or not
permitted by the Constitution.
Britain or France
Wanted close ties with Britain.
Wanted close ties with France.
Political Parties Emerge
•Why did political
parties develop?
Why Political Parties Developed
• Hamilton and Jefferson clashed in private.
• Jefferson and James Madison decided to organize
the supporters of their views. They met with leading
New York politicians.
• Leaders in other states organized to support either
Hamilton or Jefferson. Jefferson’s supporters called
themselves Democratic Republicans. Hamilton’s
supporters were called Federalists.
• Newspapers began to take sides.
• The two political parties took part in the election of
1796.
Federalists
• Were led by Alexander Hamilton
• Believed wealthy and well educated
should lead nation
• Favored strong central government
• Emphasized manufacturing, shipping,
and trade
• Favored loose interpretation of
Constitution
• Were pro-British
• Favored national bank
• Favored protective tariff
vs.
Republicans
• Were led by Thomas Jefferson
• Believed people should have political
power
• Favored strong state governments
• Emphasized agriculture
• Favored strict interpretation of
Constitution
• Were pro-French
• Opposed national bank
• Opposed protective tariff
Political Parties Emerge
•How did the election
of 1796 increase
political tensions?
Chapter 9, Section 3
The Election of 1796
Republican Candidates
Thomas Jefferson for President
Aaron Burr for Vice President
vs.
Federalist Candidates
John Adams for President
Thomas Pinckney for Vice President
The Winners
• John Adams for President
• Thomas Jefferson for Vice President
Chapter 9, Section 3
Section 3 Assessment
One issue the first political parties clashed over was
a)
b)
c)
d)
which should be stronger—the central government or the state governments.
whether the United States should expand beyond its original borders.
whether George Washington should be permitted to retire.
whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare laws unconstitutional.
In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the person with the
second highest number of votes became Vice President. One problem this caused in the
election of 1796 was that
a)
b)
c)
d)
the votes had to be counted twice.
candidates for President and Vice President had to run together on the same ticket.
the views of the opposing candidates were the same.
the people chosen as President and Vice President were from opposing parties.
Chapter 9, Section 3
Section 3 Assessment
One issue the first political parties clashed over was
a)
b)
c)
d)
which should be stronger—the central government or the state governments.
whether the United States should expand beyond its original borders.
whether George Washington should be permitted to retire.
whether the Supreme Court should be allowed to declare laws unconstitutional.
In 1796, the person with the most votes became President, and the person with the
second highest number of votes became Vice President. One problem this caused in the
election of 1796 was that
a)
b)
c)
d)
the votes had to be counted twice.
candidates for President and Vice President had to run together on the same ticket.
the views of the opposing candidates were the same.
the people chosen as President and Vice President were from opposing parties.