Transcript America Becomes A Colonial Power

1. ECONOMIC:
Commercial/Business Interests
American Foreign Trade:
1870-1914
2. MILITARY/POLITICAL
Alfred T. Mahan  The Influence of Sea
Power on History  (THINK: Why does a big
navy lead to more power for a nation?)
3. SOCIAL: “Social Darwinist”
Thinking
The Hierarchy
of Race
The White Man’s
Burden
SOCIAL:
Religious/Missionary Interests
American
Missionaries
in China, 1905
3. SOCIAL: Fredrick Jackson
Turner…”closing of the Frontier”
U. S. Missionaries in Hawaii in
early 1800’s
First church built in the
late 1820s
Also, millions of American $
invested in sugar/pineapple
plantations
Hawaiian Queen Liliuokalani
“Hawaii for the Hawaiians!”
THINK: What are her views of the
United States?
U. S. View of Hawaiians
Hawaii becomes a U.S. “protectorate” in 1849, by
1887, U.S. re-wrote their constitution, giving only
white, land owning men the right to vote
U. S. Business Interests In Hawaii
1893 – American
businessmen backed an
uprising against Queen
Liliuokalani.
Sanford Ballard Dole
proclaims the land the
“Republic of Hawaii” in
1894.
Hawaii remains a U.S.
territory until 1959,
when it is made the
50th state.
“To The Victor Belongs the Spoils”
Hawaiian
Annexation
Ceremony, 1898
Commodore Matthew Perry Opens
Up Japan for trade with the United
States: 1853
The Japanese View
of Commodore
Perry
Gentleman’s Agreement: 1908
A Japanese note agreeing
to deny passports to
laborers entering the U.S.
Japan recognized the U.S.
right to exclude Japanese
immigrants holding passports
issued by other countries.
The U.S. government got the
school board of San Francisco
to rescind their order to
segregate Asians in separate
schools.
“Seward’s Folly”: 1867
Purchase of Alaska for $7.2 million…a
“mistake”?
“Seward’s Icebox”: 1867
The Imperialist Tailor
THINK: What
is this political
cartoon trying
to say about
American
involvement in
Cuba?
Spanish Misrule in Cuba
Spain’s
“Reconcentration” Policy against
Cubans
“Yellow Journalism” & Jingoism
Joseph Pulitzer
Hearst to his camera man in
Cuba:
You furnish the pictures,
William Randolph Hearst
and I’ll furnish the war!
De Lôme Letter
Dupuy de Lôme, Spanish
Ambassador to the U.S.
Criticized President
McKinley as “weak and
catering to the rabble and,
besides, a low politician who
desires to leave a door open
to himself and to stand well
with the jingos of his party.”
“Rough Riders”
Assistant Secretary of
the Navy in the
McKinley administration
was Theo Roosevelt,
imperialist and
American nationalist.
Criticized President
McKinley as “having the
backbone of a chocolate
éclair!”
Resigns his position to
fight in Cuba.
The
“Rough
Riders”
Remember the Maine
and to Hell with Spain!
Funeral for Maine
victims in Havana
The Spanish-American War (1898):
“That Splendid Little War”
THINK: Why was this war so “splendid”?
The Treaty of Paris: 1898
Cuba was freed from Spanish rule.
Spain gave up Puerto Rico and the island of
Guam.
The U. S. paid Spain
$20 mil. for the
Philippines.
The U. S. becomes
an imperial power!
“Spheres of Influence”
REMEMBER?: Oriental
[Chinese] Exclusion
Act, 1887
The Boxer Rebellion: 1900
Rebellion against Christian missionaries, and people
that supported imperialist (300 killed), U.S. put
down rebellion
Philippines rebel against their new
“rulers”…the U.S.!
Emilio Aguinaldo
Leader of the Filipino
Uprising (against Spain and
then the U.S.)
July 4, 1946:
Full Philippine independence
from the U.S.)
Philippine War
Nearly 1 million dead
Dissolved the Catholic
Church in the Philippines
Introduction of the English
language as the primary
language
Filipinos were given very
limited self-government
The American Anti-Imperialist
League
Founded in 1899.
Mark Twain, Andrew
Carnegie, William
James, and William
Jennings Bryan among
the leaders.
Campaigned against
the annexation of the
Philippines and other
acts of imperialism.
Panama: The King’s Crown
1904 Theodore
Roosevelt buys Panama
Canal (being built by
French) for $10 million
and $250,000 a year to
be paid annually for its
use.
1977 – President Jimmy
Carter finally returns the
canal to the Panamanian
people
Panama Canal
Roosevelt in Panama
(Construction begins in
1904)
Remember? Monroe Doctrine
Roosevelt Corollary (addition)
to the Monroe Doctrine
While the Monroe Doctrine
said European countries
should stay out of Latin
America, the Roosevelt
Corollary took this idea
further to say he had the
right to exercise military
force in Latin American
countries in order to keep
European countries out!
Theodore Roosevelt’s “Big
Stick” Diplomacy
“Speak Softly,
But Carry
a Big Stick!”
William Taft’s “Dollar Diplomacy”
THINK: Why would investing in foreign countries
create good relations between nations?
Dollar Diplomacy wasn’t always peaceful:
U.S. military interventions in
Latin America: 1898-1920s
Woordrow Wilson’s “Moral
Diplomacy”
The U. S. should
be the conscience
of the world.
Spread democracy.
Promote peace.
Condemn colonialism
by supporting only
“moral” nations.
Teller Amendment
Passed by Congress in 1898, it promised the
Cuban people if the United States helped in the
revolution against the Spanish Empire, it would
not annex (take control) Cuba but only leave
"control of the island to its people."
Platt Amendment
Introduced to Congress in 1901
to amend the Teller Amendment:.
•It restricted Cuba in the conduct of foreign policy and
commercial trade.
•Cuba couldn’t make treaties with other nations.
•It demanded that Cuba sell or lease lands to the United
States necessary for coaling or the development of naval
stations. (at Guantanamo Bay)
•Gave the U.S. the right to intervene in future wars in Cuba.
The Open Door Policy
Secretary John Hay.
Give all nations equal
access to trade in China.
Guaranteed that China would NOT be taken
over by any one foreign power.
“Spheres of Influence”
This directly relates
to China. It prevents
one foreign country
from having all the
power in China.
The Cares of a Growing Imperial
Family…wowee! Racist much?