Transcript 8.3 powerpoint review

Key terms dealing with
mines?
• Comstock Lode
• Boom town
• Ghost town
• problems
• Silver strike in the Sierra Nevadas
• Town that quickly grew up at a
gold strike
• Boom towns after the gold was
gone
• Pollution, Native Americans
pushed off their land, foreign
miners treated poorly
Transcontinental Railroad
• Could travel by rail across the United
States
• Attracted Chinese immigrants
• Brought rapid growth – economic and
settlement
Key terms dealing with
ranching?
• longhorns
• Cattle Kingdom
• Cattle that roamed free in the West
• Ranches spread throughout the West
• Reasons for
success
• Need for beef for miners, railroad
workers, etc. Railroads could ship
beef from cities like Kansas City to
eastern cities
• Ranchers let their cattle wander.
Barbed wire ended this practice and
changes ranching.
• Open range
Key terms dealing with
farming on the plains?
• Homestead Act
• Sodhouses
• sodbusters
• 160 acres given free if the land was
farmed for 5 years.
• Houses made out of sod – best
building material on the plains.
• Nickname for farmers who had to
break through the thick layer of sod to
farm.
Populist Party
• 1891-1896
• Consisted of farmers and labor unions
• Free silver – all silver mined to be
made into money
• William Jennings Bryan was most
famous member
Key terms dealing with Native
Americans on the plains?
• buffalo
• “Walk the white
man’s road.”
• Chivington
Massacre
• Battle of Little
Bighorn
• Dawes Act
(1887)
• N.A. culture totally depended on it.
• Tried to make N.A. act like white
settlers
• Native Americans slaughtered
• General Custer and his men were
killed
• Attempted to make farmers out of
N.A. - Very unsuccessful.
What was our foreign
policy for the first 100
years of our country’s
existence?
We were isolationists starting
with Washington’s Neutrality
Proclamation (1793). This was
due to the fact that we were
weak militarily and were
separated from Europe by the
Atlantic Ocean.
What is imperialism?
Imperialism is when a
strong country attempts to
influence the economic and
political affairs of a weaker
country.
What is economic
imperialism?
Economic imperialism is when the
United States got involved in another
country for economic reasons.
Examples include controlling a place
for its raw materials or as a place to
trade. This idea went along with
dollar diplomacy as presented by
Teddy Roosevelt, which called for the
U.S. to have its businesses go into a
country to try to gain influence there.
How did the United States
gain trade in Japan?
Commodore Matthew Perry
was sent with several warships
in 1853. In 1854 Japan gave
the U.S. trading privileges
because they realized the
United States was much more
advanced than they were.
Who was William Seward?
Seward was the Secretary of
State in the 1860’s. He bought
Alaska for $7.2 million.
People ridiculed this calling it
Seward’s Folly. We later
realized how great a purchase it
was because of the resources
found in Alaska.
What were the reasons
given for U.S. expansion in
the age of imperialism?
Expansion allowed the U.S. to
increase trade. There was also the
desire to spread Christianity and
democracy. We had settled all of
the land that is now the U.S. so we
now had to gain land elsewhere.
There was also competition with
other countries. If we didn’t get
land then they would.
What Americans were most
responsible for the United
States getting Hawaii?
We initially wanted Hawaii
to use as a refueling base for
ships sailing to Asia. Sugar
planters came to Hawaii and
led a revolt in which the
King of Hawaii signed a new
Constitution.
Did the Hawaiians want to
be ruled by the United
States?
Queen Liliuokalani led a last
ditch effort to remove U.S.
control in Hawaii. It was
unsuccessful and Hawaii was
annexed in 1898 and
th
became the 50 state in
1959.
What was going on in
China in the late 1800’s?
China, once a powerful nation,
had failed to industrialize and
fell prey to more powerful
nations. Many European
countries and Japan established
spheres of influence, which
were areas where the country
had special trading privileges.
What about the United
States?
The U.S. didn’t have a sphere of
influence. As a way to get
involved in the Chinese trade it
proposed the Open Door
Policy. The Open Door Policy
allowed a country to trade in
the sphere of influence of
another country.
What did the Chinese think
of the Open Door Policy?
They didn’t like the foreign
intrusion. The Righteous
Fists of Harmony (Boxers)
led an unsuccessful revolt in
which many Europeans
were killed.
What was the PanAmerican Union?
It was an agreement between
Latin American countries and
the United States to work
together to solve problems.
Latin Americans viewed this as
an attempt by the U.S. to
increase its trade in Latin
America.
What was going on in Cuba
in the 1890’s?
Cuba was trying to throw
off Spanish rule. Cuba was
led by Jose Marti. The U.S.
saw Cuba as an important
place for trade and saw their
revolt as similar to ours
from Britain.
Did the United States get
involved?
Yellow Journalists exaggerated the cruelty of
the Spanish leader General Weyler. When the
American warship the Maine was blown up
they coined the phrase “Remember the Maine”
which got the U.S. citizens demanding war.
The U.S. sent down troops to help the Cubans.
The most famous group involved were the
Rough Riders, a mix of cowboys and college
students led by Teddy Roosevelt. The most
famous victory was when the Rough Riders
helped to take San Juan Hill.
What did the United States
get after the war?
Cuba was freed and the U.S.
got Guam, the Philippines
and Puerto Rico.
What did the U.S. do in the
Philippines?
We put down the revolution
there just as the Spanish had
been doing. Emilio Aguinaldo
was the Philippine leader who
claimed they were doing the
same the the British Colonies
had done 100 years earlier.
How did we get permission
to build the Panama Canal?
The U.S. offered Colombia $10
million dollars plus $250,000
for the right to build the canal.
When this was unsuccessful the
U.S. backed up a revolt by
Panama and got permission
from Panama for the same
deal.
What was the biggest
obstacle in building the
canal?
The workers had to dig
through lots of rocks and
hills but the biggest
problem was dealing with
mosquitoes which spread
malaria and yellow fever.
What was the Roosevelt
Corollary?
This built upon the Monroe
Doctrine(1823) which told
Europe to stay out of the
Western Hemisphere. The
Corollary said the U.S. could
intervene to preserve peace in
Latin America. (and protect
our business interests)
What was the Big Stick
policy.
This was based upon the
statement “Speak softly and
carry a big stick, and you will
go far.” What it meant was
that the U.S. would say what
was to happen in South
America and use force to back
up what we said if necessary.
What went on between the
U.S. and Mexico in the early
1900’s?
Mexico was in the midst of a series of
revolutions. The U.S. business
interests were threatened. Then
Mexicans killed soldiers in the
Mexican port of Vera Cruz and
Pancho Villa invaded the United
States and burnt villages. John
Pershing led a raid into Mexico which
guaranteed poor relationships
between Mexico and the U.S.