Transcript The Rebuilding Years - Anderson School District One

The Rebuilding Years
Chapter 15
The Condensed version
Lincoln’s Plan
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Overall Purpose: to help end the war
faster
Political purpose: to restore Southern
states’ full political union with other
states
He required that state governments
create significant social change by
recognizing the end of slavery
Lincoln’s Plan
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Main parts:
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Remove the government officials of the
Confederate States of America and replace them
with officials loyal to the Union
Punish high ranking Confederates by removing
their right to vote
Confederates who took oath to constitution and
Union laws would receive a pardon and get their
land back
State would be readmitted when 10% of men
took oath of allegiance to Union. State had to
write new constitution and elect new officials
Johnson’s Plan
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Not much different than Lincoln’s
Purpose: to humiliate Southern elite
Main parts
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State would be readmitted when 10% of men
took oath of allegiance to Union. State had to
write new constitution and elect new officials
Southern elite had to request a pardon from the
president
Approve the 13th amendment
Nullify the Ordinance of secession
South had to repay people and institutions that
helped finance the Confederacy
Radical Republican Plan
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Overall Purpose: to make the South
pay dearly for the Civil War
Political purpose: to protect the rights
of freedmen and protect the power of
the Republicans
Radical Republican Plan
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Main parts:
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The Confederacy would be split into five military
districts, under the command of a military
governor
New legislatures had to approve the 14th
amendment
Voting rights (suffrage) were given to black
males and taken away from white males who
participated in the war.
No person who participated in the war could hold
a public office
State constitutions had to be approved by
Congress
Amendments
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13th: freed the slaves
14th: gave citizenship to all people
born in the United States
15th: gave black males the right to
vote
Freedmen
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Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and
Abandoned Lands was created to help
people who need assistance after the
war (food, clothing, shelter, medical
care, and education)
Known as the Freedmen’s Bureau, it
helped freed slaves find jobs, and
establish courts to protect illiterate
workers
Freedmen
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Bureau originally promised land to
freedmen that was abandoned or taken
from white farmers.
Congress gave the land back to white
farmers, but the anger that the whites
had against the freedmen continued
Freedmen
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African Americans enjoyed new
freedoms but not for long
Southern whites tried to regain control
with laws like the Black Codes and with
vigilante groups like the KKK
Economic problems
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South had economic problems after
the end of slavery
They had to rebuild the state
(buildings, houses, railroads) with
no federal help
African American farmers now
caused competition for white
farmers
Sharecropping
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Plantation owners were stuck with
large plots of land, tools, and no one
to work for them
Freedmen were willing to work, but
had no land and no tools
Sharecropping allowed freedmen to
use the tools and live in the old
plantation slave houses, and use the
land
Plantation owners would get part of
the crop grown by the sharecroppers
Sharecropping
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Sharecroppers were economically
dependent upon land owner
In bad years sharecroppers could
borrow a loan from the land owner, in
the form of a lien, to buy supplies for
the next year
The liens placed freedmen in a cycle of
debt
Northern Immigration
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To help out with the education and
lives of freedmen, many
northerners moved to South
Carolina to establish schools
They were mistaken as
carpetbaggers and were not
accepted by Southern white society
Carpetbaggers and Scalawags
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Carpetbaggers were Northerners
who moved to the South to make
an economic gain
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Land and businesses were cheap and
there was little competition
Scalawags were Southerners that
supported the carpetbaggers to get
the social, economic, and political
benefits from them
Women
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Women suffered alongside their husbands
with the loss of farms and houses
Elite white women had to take on
household jobs that slaves had once done
Women whose husbands had been
injured in the war had to take on a more
physical role around the house and farm
Former slaves, carpetbaggers, and
scalawags pushed for more rights for
women
South Carolina’s New Constitution
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Under the Reconstruction Policy’s
South Carolina had to write a new
constitution
State representation was based on
population alone, not on wealth and
population as it had been previously
African Americans gained positions in
offices of government and even sent
six members to the United States
House of Representatives
Political Corruption
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Corruption became a problem, because
of the poor economy many people were
willing to take bribes
South Carolina wanted new schools, but
complained about them when taxes were
raised to pay for them
The Hamburg Massacre of 1876 took
place in Aiken county when six Africa
American militia members were killed by
a white mob
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This showed the whites trying to “redeem”
their superiority
Election of 1876
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Tired of the corrupt Republicans,
white Democrats, known as “Red
Shirts” used violence, intimidation,
and fraud to win the 1876 election
President Grant sent troops to help
ensure a fair election
There were questions about the
winners of the governor, as well as
General Assembly
Election of 1876
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Neither side wanted to back down, and
both Democrats and Republicans set up
their own government in South Carolina
White taxpayers refused to support the
Republican government
Voting problems also took place on a
nation level
Congress let go of their focus to protect
the freedmen as they tried to fight
corruption
Election of 1876
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A compromise between Democrats and
Republicans was reached
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Democrats in SC would accept the
Republican President Hayes
President Hayes would remove federal
troops from South Carolina
Democrat and former Confederate General
Wade Hampton became governor of SC
African Americans no longer had
federal troops to help protect them
from the violence in SC