Transcript Unit 7 The Cold War

Unit 7 The Cold War
1940’s Cold War
1
Yalta Conference
• February 1945
• The U.S. Britain and
USSR met to set
their post war goals.
• 1. Divide Germany
into occupation
zones
• 2. Free elections in
Eastern Europe
nations.
2
Superpowers
• In the Post WWII world
two nations were the
new superpowers!
• The United States and
the Soviet Union
(USSR).
• Capitalism vs
Communism
• Democracy vs
Totalitarianism
3
The United Nations
• Created in 1945 with the
goal of being a more
effective international
peacekeeping
organization than the
League of Nations.
• 193 member nations in
the General Assembly.
• Home to the International
Court of Justice to settle
disputes.
4
UN Security Council
• Five permanent
members with veto
power (U.S. Britain,
France, Russia, China)
and ten nonpermanent.
• The UN Security Council
can order military action
to maintain
international peace.
(Korean War & 1st Gulf
War)
5
The Iron Curtain
• Churchill’s phrase “Iron
Curtain” came to
represent the division
between a democratic
and free Western
Europe and a
Communist and
totalitarian Eastern
Europe.
6
Containment
• President Truman adopted
a foreign policy of
“containment”. A policy
of preventing the
expansion of communism.
• This would be
accomplished by creating
a system of alliances and
helping weak countries
resist Soviet advances.
Containment Video
7
Truman Doctrine
• Truman’s pledge of
foreign aid to any
nation that was
rejecting communism.
• Greece and Turkey
were immediately given
$400 million in aid.
Both nations remained
free and
noncommunist.
Truman Doctrine Video
8
Marshall Plan
• Europe lay in ruins after
WWII. Record
unemployment,
destruction, snow, food
shortages and economic &
political turmoil.
• Congress created a $12.5
billion program to provide
food and rebuild Western
Europe. We wanted its
economy to recover so
people would have jobs
and not turn to
communism!
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Berlin
• Germany had been
divided into two
nations, East and West
Germany.
• The capital city of Berlin
was in East Germany.
The western half of the
city was controlled by
the U.S. and Britain. A
small spot of freedom
behind the Iron
Curtain……..
10
Berlin Blockade
• The first showdown of
the Cold War between
the superpowers would
be over Berlin Germany.
• Berlin was located in
German controlled East
Germany. Stalin didn’t
want the freedom and
prosperity of West Berlin
in communist East
Germany.
11
Berlin Airlift
• In 1948 Stalin ordered all
transportation to West
Berlin blocked. West
Berlin faced starvation if
they didn’t surrender and
join East Germany.
• American and British
planes flew food and fuel
into the city for 11
months.
• No Appeasement! Only
Containment!
Berlin Video
12
Berlin Wall
• Later in 1961 the Berlin
Wall was built. It became
the symbol of communist
oppression during the
Cold War.
Berlin Wall Video
13
The Cold War
• The Cold War was from
1949 to 1989.
Superpowers would use
spying, propaganda,
alliances, diplomacy and
proxy wars in developing
countries.
• Who will win…Capitalism
or Communism?
• Democracy or
Totalitarianism?
14
NATO
• North Atlantic Treaty
Organization! A
defensive alliance of 10
European nations,
Canada and the U.S.
• An attack on one is an
attack on all!
• NATO / ISAF is in
Afghanistan
15
Warsaw Pact
• Warsaw Pack, the
opposite of NATO was
organized by the USSR.
• The world seemed to
be divided into rival
factions along Cold
War lines with the
threat of nuclear war
looming….
16
Hydrogen Bomb
• 1945 the U.S. dropped
the atomic bomb
• 1949 the USSR built the
A-bomb
• 1952 the U.S. built the
hydrogen bomb a
thousand times more
powerful than the Abomb.
• 1953 the USSR built a Hbomb….The arms race
had begun.
Duck & Cover Video
17
Chinese Civil War
• After WWII China
resumed its civil war
between the Nationalists
and the Communists.
• The U.S. backed Chiang
Kai-shek’s Nationalists
with $2 billion in aid.
• The Communists under
Mao Zedong promised
land for the peasants and
forced the Nationalists to
retreat to the island of
Taiwan.
18
Mao Zedong
• When Mao Zedong won
the civil war the most
populated country in the
world was “lost to the
communists”. To many
people it was a defeat of
Truman’s containment
policy.
• Mao ordered all land to
be seized by the
government and peasants
were forced to work on
the new collective farms.
19
The Great Leap Forward
• In 1958 China Mao
ordered “The Great Leap
Forward”. People were
forced to work, eat, and
live in communal
dormitories and farms
with no private property.
• With no incentive to work
famine killed about 20
million people.
20
Chinese Cultural Revolution
• In 1966 Mao urged
China’s young people to
“learn revolution by
making revolution”.
Millions of students
responded by joining Red
Guard units.
• These units targeted
anyone they felt betrayed
the ideals of the
revolution.
21
Korea
• At the end of WWII
Korea was a divided
nation. North of the 38th
parallel was controlled
by the USSR, the south
was protected by
American troops.
22
Korean War
• In June of 1950 North
Korea invaded South
Korea. To most of the
world this invasion looked
like a repeat of Nazi /
Japanese aggression from
the 1930’s.
• The UN authorized the
use of force to defend
South Korea and the15
nation force was placed
under the command of
Douglas MacArthur.
Korean War Video
23
Inchon
• When American forces made a surprise landing at
Inchon the route of North Korea’s army was on!
24
Chinese Intervention
• Unfortunately China
felt threatened and
invaded to defend
North Korea.
Hundreds of
thousands of
Chinese soldiers
attacked.
25
General MacArthur
• General MacArthur
publicly argued with
President Truman about
his desire to drop atomic
bombs on China.
• Truman fired the popular
General for
insubordination.
MacArthur Video
26
The 38th Parallel
• After two years of brutal
fighting and cold winters a
cease-fire agreement was
signed in 1953.
• The DMZ border between
the two Koreas at the 38th
parallel became one of
the most heavily defended
places on earth.
• Four million soldiers and
civilians were killed
including over 40,000
Americans.
27
The Cold War: an ideologicallydriven political and economic
competition from 1947-1991
between two military and
economic superpowers - the
democratic capitalist United States
and its allies and communist Soviet
Union and China and their allies
Sources
•
•
World History -McDougal Littell 2003
Let’s Review: Global History and Geography 5th Edition
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