Transcript Document
WOMAN SUFFRAGE GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES Great Britain 1830-60 Began with Chartism Resolution for female suffrage presented in House of Lords 1860-1903—doldrums Little progress because of ineffective tactics –Parlor meetings –Petitions sent to Parliament –Politely questioned candidates 1860-90 John Stuart Mill wrote Subjection of Women Resolution for woman suffrage presented in House of Commons Isle of Man gave vote to women who owned property Women’s Organizations 1897—National Union of Women’s Suffrage Societies (NUWSS) formed by local British societies 1903—Women’s Social and Political Union (WSPU) – Emmaline Pankhurst and her daughters – First goal—recruit more working class women 1903 New methods –Outdoor meetings –Interrupted government speakers at public gatherings and demanded their views –Campaigned against antisuffrage candidates 1903 New methods –Marched in parades –Organized & recorded membership –Sought support of working class women October, 1905 2 women heckled PM of new liberal govt. during speech – Refused to leave – Arrested for assault Refused to pay fine so sent to prison Women became more militant – Attacked MP’s physically – Poured acid into mailboxes June, 1908 WSPU began tactic of breaking windows –Broke windows of PM’s house at 10 Downing Street 27 women sent to Holloway Prison October, 1908 WSPU held demonstration and tried to enter House of Commons 24 women arrested, including Emmeline Pankhurst who received 3 months in prison July, 1909 Imprisoned suffragette staged hunger strike – Released so that she would not become a martyr Other women adopted this strategy Authorities force-fed them July, 1913 Suffragettes tried to burn houses of 2 govt. officials, even David Lloyd George’s Burned cricket pavilions, racecourse stands and golf clubhouses Some women quit because of escalating violence 1913 Prisoner’s Temporary Discharge of Ill Health Act –Women on hunger strikes –When ill, released –When recovered, rearrested to complete sentences 1913 Cat and Mouse Act By summer, 1914 Over 1,000 suffragettes had been imprisoned for destroying property Leading WSPU members –Arrested –Ill –In exile August, 1914 England declared war on Germany NUWSS and WSPU suspended political activity until war ended – Helped war effort – Govt released suffragettes from prison Emmaline Pankhurst called on unions to let women work in male-dominated industries October, 1915 The Suffragette changed to Britannia “For King, For Country, For Freedom” 1919 Representation of the People Act –Women over 30 received the vote 1928 Equal Franchise Act –Voting rights for men and women were equalized (21) Purple, White, & Green Appeal to Style The Suffragette Look Joan of Arc Children Christmas Games Games UNITED STATES July, 1848 Seneca Falls Declaration of the Rights of Women Most women were advocates of temperance and abolition 1869 Wyoming gave women vote National Woman Suffrage Association (NWSA) formed –National amendment –Susan B. Anthony –Elizabeth Cady Stanton American Woman Suffrage Association (AWSA) formed –State legislatures –Lucy Stone 1870-71 of 15th amendment gave voting rights to blacks 1st national petition for women’s suffrage –Vote had been given to blacks, but not women who had helped them win it Ratification 1890 National American Woman Suffrage Association (NAWSA) –United NWSA and AWSA –Carrie Chapman Catt 1896-1910—The doldrums Apathetic attitude Void in leadership –Death of Anthony in 1906 –Older leaders did not have education or experience Limited membership –Most members were wealthy –Did not want vote for all women 1896-1910—The doldrums Immigrant women worked for labor reform –Viewed “women’s suffrage irrelevant to basic social change, a mere plaything for the middle-classed, privileged woman.” 1896-1910—The doldrums Opposition of liquor interests – Women in temperance movement – Involved in organized crime and election corruption Women did not know to have poll watchers 1907 Elizabeth Cady Stanton’s daughter lived in England – Active in suffrage movement Went home to work for suffrage 3 objectives from England – Dramatic propaganda – Tie middle-class and working women – Workers more politically minded 1907 Founded Women’s Political Union of New York Actions –Campaigned against antisuffrage candidates –Held outdoor meetings –Suffrage parade in NYC (became yearly event) 1907 Catt traveled abroad observing suffrage movements – Did not approve of militant tactics Catt formed Woman Suffrage Party (WSP) – Poll watchers regulated elections – New York suffrage bill debated Other states’ suffrage movements were energized By 1910 New arguments for suffrage – With industrialization women were overworked and underpaid Could do nothing about it –Growth of education More women in higher education Women learned that they were not inherently inferior to men –More confident 1913 Alice Paul worked with militant suffragettes in Britain – Arrested – Hunger-strikes/Force-fed Returned and created Congressional Union (branch of NAWSA) – Held party in power responsible England-unitary US-federal – Picketing – Parades govt govt. March 3, 1913 Suffrage Parade, Washington, DC Presidential inauguration time 8-10,000 women were attacked Lack of police protection increased public sympathy Local troops called in to protect women 1913 July—Auto procession to give petition to Congress October—Emmaline Pankhurst began US speaking tour November—Illinois votes suffrage 1914 NAWSA went bankrupt – Couldn’t afford state referenda New unified organization created—National Woman’s Party – Purpose—federal amendment Use women’s voting power to force suffrage through Congress Then get state legislatures to ratify – Issue dead for previous 25 years 1917 NWP picketed White House – Wilson had not fulfilled promise to support suffrage amendment Followed British suffragists’ example – In prison, had hunger strike – Prison officials force-fed women Picketing angered Americans as war approached 1920 19th Amendment –Passed House in January, 1918 Senate in June, 1919 –Ratified August 26, 1920 WOMAN SUFFRAGE GREAT BRITAIN AND THE UNITED STATES Bibliography www.nmwh.org/exhibits/toc.html www.pdf.org/stantonanthony