Transcript E. Progressive Era

Progressivism
In response to the Gilded Age
The Progressive Era – about reform, not revolution
Social progress was possible and, in fact, necessary
-Make economic life fairer and more competitive
-Make political life more democratic
-Make social life more moral and more just
-Broaden opportunities while eliminating privilege
and favoritism
Series of complimentary, and sometimes conflicting,
movements
Who were the Progressives?
Growing Middle-class, nouveau riche (newly
wealthy)
Fear revolution from the lower (working) classes
Benefit from the system as it is
Favor reform, before the system is overthrown
Muckrakers
Exposes and sensational journalism
Audience is the new middle class
Uncover society’s problems
Areas: monopolies, immigrant life, urban problems
like overcrowding, diseases, sanitation, vice,
corruption, political corruption at all levels, factory
conditions, especially for women and children,
business/government collusion, specific industries,
like meatpacking
Ida B. Wells-Barnett
How the Other
Half Lives
Jacob Riis
Municipal Reform
Move toward city managers,
city councils
Rise of
Experts
Ida Tarbell & Standard Oil
Meat Packing Industry
Upton Sinclair
The Jungle
• Pure Food & Drug Act
• Meat Inspection Act
Female Reformers
• Education
• Economics
• Idea of “Separate Spheres” morphs into
reform
• Feminine Duty
• Realistic fear of childbirth
• Lesbians
• Limits in life
Prohibition Movement
Women’s Christian Temperance Movement
(WCTU)
Support from business
owners
The Settlement House Movement
Jane Addams
and Hull House
Assimilation vs.
accommodation
Generational issues
Florence Kelley
Reformer rather
than
philanthropist
“Radicalized”
Jane Addams
Illinois State
Bureau of
Labor Stats.
1892
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
IWW
• International Workers
of the World
Inclusive
Radical
Vilified
Birth Control and Margaret Sanger
Women’s Suffrage
National American Women’s Suffrage
Association (NAWSA)
Liberal – work through the
system to change the system
Carrie Chapman Catt
Suffrage Con’t
Alice Paul
-Experience in British Women’s
Suffrage movement
-Ejected from NAWSA for
radicalism
1915 – forms
Women’s
Party
“Deeds Not
Words”
Suffragettes
Jeanette Rankin (Montana)
Amendment introduced in
1918
1921 – 19th Amendment,
Women’s Suffrage
Progressive Amendments
1913 – 16th Amendment – Federal income tax
1913 – 17th Amendment – direct election of
Senators
1919 – 18th Amendment – Prohibition (of the
manufacture, sale or distribution of alcohol)
1921 – 19th Amendment – Women’s Suffrage
The Great Migration
Race Riots
Chicago, 1919
Tulsa, 1921
Omaha, 1919