Transcript No Slide Title

120%
100%
95%
91%
82%
80%
80% 80% 78% 78% 78% 78%
75%
73% 71% 71%
75%
69%
62% 62% 62%
60%
60%
40%
20%
0%
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
3
5
9
10
10
11
11
11
11
12
13
14
14
15
18
18
18
19
95%
91%
82%
80%
80%
78%
78%
78%
78%
75%
73%
71%
71%
69%
62%
62%
62%
60%
16
15
14
14
14
13
12
10
10
10
8
8
8
8
8
8
6
6
5
4
4
4
4
3
3
2
2
2
1
1
0
0
0
21
22
0
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
23
24
25
• 1. (p. 544-547) In arguing for their policies, the new American
expansionists of the late 1800s offered all of the following
economic and social reasons except
a. the United States would soon need to find new sources for the
natural resources that it was rapidly using up
b. the United States needed to acquire new overseas markets for
its products
C. the United States needed to find new sources of immigrants
who would work in its factories for low wages
d. the United States needed an aggressive foreign policy to take
people's minds off internal problems and frustrations
e. the United States needed to expand due to the "closing of the
frontier."
• 3. (p. 549-553) In the 1890s, Spain and the United States
gradually moved toward war over Cuba for all of the following
reasons except
a. a change in U.S. tariff policy hurt the Cuban economy and
made the Cuban people ready for revolt
b. when the Cuban revolt broke out, the American press printed
sensational, one-sided stories about it
C. during the Cuban revolt, the Spanish committed numerous
atrocities, whereas the Cubans usually behaved humanely
d. Cubans living in the United States popularized their side of
the revolt with the American people
e. sensationalized press coverage stirred a fervor for war
• 6. (p. 558) The Platt Amendment, incorporated
into the Cuban constitution, gave Cuba
a. full independence
b. economic independence
C. nominal political independence
d. an American colonial government
e. an equal partnership with American interests
• 9. (p. 566) Although the progressives often differed
about what progressivism meant, most agreed that
a. the "natural law" of the marketplace could
stabilize society
b. it was a particular set of political reforms
c. it was a group of moral and humanitarian goals
D. government should play a role in correcting
society's ills
e. all of the answers above
• 11. (p. 566-567) The favorite targets of the
muckrakers included all of the following
except
A. the violence used against unions
b. the excessive practices of the railroads
c. the corruption of the business trusts
d. the seamy side of boss rule
e. the waste of natural resources
• 15. (p. 580-581) Progressives came to regard
one state as the center of reform and its
governor as the leading progressive. The most
progressive state and governor were
a. New Jersey/Woodrow Wilson
B. Wisconsin/Robert La Follette
c. California/Hiram. Johnson
d. New York/Charles Evans Hughes
e. Ohio/William McKinley
14
12
12
11
10
9
8
7
6
6
6
5
5
4
3
2
2
2
1
0
0
1
2
0
0
0
6
7
0
0
0
0
3
4
5
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
• 7. (p. 605) Teddy Roosevelt won the Nobel
Peace Prize in 1906 for helping to end the
_____ War.
Russo-Japanese
• 10. (p. 602) The _____ Amendment
allowed the federal government to create a
graduated income tax.
Sixteenth
• 14. (p. 593) The _____ Amendment
provided for the popular election of the
United States Senate.
Seventeenth
• 19. (p. 580-581) _____ was so successful as
a progressive governor that his state became
known as a "laboratory of progressivism."
Robert La Follette
world map
1st World War in history
•Great War or War to End all War
•Not called WWI until after
WWII
•Total war
•Involved 60 nations and 6
continents
Cost of War
•$400 billion
•$10 million dollars an hour
40 million deaths
•First war of the Industrial
Revolution……
New Weapons vs old tactics of
fighting
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
“No Man’s Land”
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
Trench Warfare
“No Mans Land”
Trench Foot
Barbed Wire
The Zeppelin
Flame
Throwers
Grenade
Launchers
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Poison Gas
Machine Gun
http://www.youtube.com/watch?
v=aOq7DVcrVR8
Alliances
•European nations began
forming military alliances with
one another to maintain a
balance of power ……..
Triple Alliance
Central Powers
Triple Entente
Allied Powers
Germany
Austria-Hungary Empire
Bulgaria
Great Britain
France
Russia
•Austrian-Hungarian
Empire controlled
several ethic groups.
Saravejo
•Serbian nationalists
wanted to untie Serbs
who lived in the
Austrian-Hungarian
Empire with Serbia.
•This led to the
assassination of the
Archduke Franz
Ferdinand.
alliances1
Nationalism
•Countries proud of their heritage
and culture
•Similar to patriotism
•Ethnic groups of similar heritage
wanted to free their oppressed
brethren and unite their people
into one country
•Germany wanted to expand its
culture and political influence
throughout Europe.
Nationalism
Aggressive Nationalism
Imperialism
Imperialism
•economic and political control
over other countries……
•France, Great Britain, Germany
and Russia were establishing
colonies in Africa and Asia
•these countries were in
competition for colonies
European nations competing for colonies around the
world…..Imperialism
CartoonEuropean gra
bag
CartoonEuropean grab
bag
CartoonEuropean grab
bag
Militarism
•European nations
began an arms race as
they competed for
colonies around the
world……
Militarism & Arms Race
Total Defense Expenditures for the Great Powers [Germany,
Austria-Hungary, Italy, France, British and Russia] in
millions of dollars.
1870
1880
1890
1900
1910
1914
$94
$130
$154
$268
$289
$398
Militarism & Arms Race
1910-1914 Increase in Defense Expenditures
France
10%
Britain
13%
Russia
39%
Germany
73%
By 1906, President Roosevelt had built the US Navy into
the 3rd largest naval fleet in the world….
The Great White Fleet
Mobilization
w Home by Christmas!
w No major war in 50 years!
w Nationalism!
Franz Ferdinand’s funeral procession
Garvillo Princip, a Serbian
nationalist assassinated the
Archduke. He was trying to gain
allowances for his fellow Serbs
who lived under Austrian rule.
Archduke Franz Ferdinand
and his family. Archduke
was heir to the throne in
the Austrian Hungarian
Empire. His assassination
June 28, 1914 eventually
led to WWI.
franz
1. World War One– TimeLine
1.
June 28
Assassination at
Sarajevo
2.
July 28
Austria-Hungary
declared war on
Serbia
3.
July 30
Russia began
mobilization
4.
August 1
Germany
declared war on
Russia
alliances1
5.
August 3
Germany
declared war on
France
6.
August 3
Great Britain
declared war on
Germany
7.
August 6
Russia and
Austria/Hungary
at war.
8.
August 12
Great Britain
declared war on
Austria/Hungary
alliances2
2. Two Armed Camps!
Allied Powers
Central Powers
Great Britain
Germany
France
AustrianHungarian Empire
Russia
Italy
Soldiers Mobilized
14
12
Millions
10
8
6
4
2
0
France
Germany
Russia
Britain
battle fronts
•German invasion in August of
1914, through Belgium to
conquer France.
•Gave French and British
militaries enough time to
mobilize their army
•Belgium puts up a strong
fight.
•1st Battle of the Marne River,
France and Great Britain stop
Germany from capturing Paris.
•France, England and Germany
involve itself in trench warfare
from 1914 to 1918
http://www.bbc.co.uk/hist
ory/interactive/animations
/western_front/index_emb
ed.shtml
battle fronts
4. Stalemate
w By September 1914, the war had reached a stalemate,
neither side was able to gain an advantage.
w When a French and British force stopped a German advance
near Paris, both sides holed up in trenches separated by an
empty “no man’s land.” Small gains in land resulted in
huge numbers of human casualties.
w Both sides continued to add new allies, hoping to gain an
advantage.
Modern Warfare
w Neither soldiers nor officers were prepared for the new,
highly efficient killing machines used in WW I.
w Machine guns, hand grenades, artillery shells, and poison
gas killed thousands of soldiers who left their trenches to
attack the enemy.
w As morale fell, the lines between soldiers and civilians
began to blur. The armies began to burn fields, kill
livestock, and poison wells.
Launch List
w 1. Take 1 minute and rank in importance,
the causes of World War 1 (Animalz)
•Panama Canal was completed in
August of 1914 just a week before
WWI began in Europe.
•Woodrow Wilson became President
in 1912.
•5. Americans were shocked by the
outbreak of war but…………..it was
in Europe.
•US was officially NEUTRAL
The effect of the war upon the United States will depend upon
what American citizens say and do. Every man who really loves
America will act and speak in the true spirit of neutrality, which
is the spirit of impartiality and fairness and friendliness to all
concerned.
The people of the United States are drawn from many nations,
and chiefly from the nations now at war. It is natural and
inevitable that there should be the utmost variety of sympathy.
Some will wish one nation, others another, to succeed in the
momentous struggle.
I venture, therefore, my fellow countrymen, the United States
must be neutral in fact, as well as in name, during these days
that are to try men's souls.
wilson neutrality1
sandwich man
The US believed it had the right to trade with the warring
nations and they would respect our neutrality…….Didn’t happen!
The German submarine warfare and British blockade violated
our freedom of the seas and neutrality.
•US believed
•It had the right to trade
with the warring nations
•Warring nations must
respect our neutrality
•in the freedom of the
seas
•German submarine warfare
and British blockade violated
our neutrality
notes2
Effects of Allied blockade
•1914, $70 million in trade
with Central powers
•1916, trade reduced to
$1.3 million
Allied trade
•Grew from $825 million to
$3.2 billion in same time
period
•WWI transformed the US
from a debtor to a creditor
nation
•The Germans could not match
Great Britain's superior navy.
•Germans introduced
unrestricted submarine
warfare with U-Boats
•Germans warned the world
they would sink any ship they
believed was carrying
contraband to Great Britain.
German Submarine Force 1914–1918
On hand
Gains[cla
rification
1914
1915
1916
1917
1918
24
29
54
133
142
10
52
108
87
70
19
22
63
69
8
7
15
9??
54
133
142
134
needed]
Battle
5
losses
Other
losses
Years
29
end
Total operational
boats: 351
U-Boats
Two types
•small subs
with a crew of
24
•larger subs
with a crew of
60
•44 by 1918
•By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied
ships.
Lusitania ad
war zone
•May 7, 1915, the Germans sunk the
Lusitania which was British passenger liner.
•Germans believed it was carrying
contraband (weapons) to the British.
•Killed 1,198 civilians including 128 Americans.
•U.S. and other countries outraged towards
Germany because of “unrestricted submarine
warfare”.
•US believed the Germans had violated
international law of targeting civilians
Lusitania
•After the sinking of the
Lusitania, public opinion of
most Americans was to go to
war with Germany.
•Germany promised they would
not sink anymore ships unless
warning them first and
providing safety for civilians.
•BUT, President Wilson was
able “keep us out of war” ….
X
Sussex Sunk: led to
Sussex Pledge in
March 1916. Germany
promised not to sink
war zone
anymore ships.
Berlin, January 19, 1917
On the first of February we intend to begin
unrestricted submarine warfare. In spite of
this, it is our intention to endeavor to keep
neutral the United States of America.
If this attempt is not successful, we propose an alliance
on the following basis with Mexico: That we shall make
war together and together make peace. We shall give
general financial support, and it is understood that
Mexico is to reconquer the lost territory in New Mexico,
Texas, and Arizona. The details are left to you for
settlement....
You are instructed to inform the President of Mexico of
the above in the greatest confidence as soon as it is
certain that there will be an outbreak of war with
zimmerman notes
with the United States and suggest
that the President of Mexico, on his
own initiative, should communicate
with Japan suggesting adherence at
once to this plan;
at the same time, offer to mediate between
Germany and Japan. Please call to the attention
of the President of Mexico that the employment
of ruthless submarine warfare now promises to
compel England to make peace in a few months.
Zimmerman (Secretary of State)
zimmerman code
zimmerman code
zimmerman cartoon