Transcript Unit 2 Part 2

Essential Question: How did the United States
expand in the 1800’s due to manifest destiny?
 Standard: SSUSH7 The students will explain the
process of economic growth, its regional and national
impact in the first half of the 19th century, and the
different responses to it.
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b. Describe the westward growth of the United States;
include the emerging concepts of Manifest Destiny
c. Describe the reform movements, specifically temperance,
abolitionism and public schools
d. Explain women’s efforts to gain suffrage; include
Elizabeth Cady Stanton and the Seneca Falls
Conference.
The westward expansion of the United States in the
early 1800s provoked a congressional debate
over the issue of slavery. Congress resolved this
debate by
a. Making the Louisiana Purchase
b. Passing a constitutional amendment
c. Adopting the Missouri Compromise
d. Accepting the doctrine of nullification
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bell work
Discuss the impact of the Industrial
Revolution of the 1800’s on the American
economy.
Notes: Manifest Destiny
Chart: Social Movements
Social Movements Protest Poster
Assignment
 After the War of 1812, the United States and Britain
signed a treaty that gave both rights to the Oregon
Country
 It fixed the US border at the 49th parallel up to the
Rocky Mountains
 The Oregon Country was an area made of current US
states Washington and Oregon and the Canadian
province of British Columbia
 The treaty completely disregarded the rights and
wishes of the Native Americans who lived there
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Treaty gives Florida to the United States
Southwestern territory of the U.S. was ceded
to Spain, including part of present day Texas
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Manifest Destiny is the idea that it was the
United State’s undeniable destiny to spread
from ocean to ocean and everywhere in
between
In the 19th Century, Manifest Destiny would
be realized – the US would expand from east
of the Mississippi to a nation that stretched
from the Atlantic to the Pacific Oceans
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People headed west for a few different
reasons:
land – could be settled and farmed for cheap
trade – settlers were quickly moving, opening
new markets for merchants
challenge and independence of frontier life
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After explorers, the first people in Oregon
were missionaries
People began journeying along the Oregon
Trail – a 2,000 mile trek starting in Western
Missouri across the Great Plains and the
Rocky Mountains
Journey took 4 to 6 months and was
expensive - $500 - $1000 per family
1846 – U.S. and Great Britain divided Oregon
along the 49th parallel in the Oregon Treaty
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1848 – gold is discovered in California,
leading to gold fever in the west
the gold rush will bring new settlers to
California
1848 – 14,000 residents in CA
1849 – 100,000 residents in CA
1852 – 200,000 residents in CA
majority were unmarried men – called “fortyniners”
forced Native Americans out
Reform Movements:
Temperance
Abolitionist
Education
Suffrage
Religious
Nationalism
Important Dates
Description/ Major Issues
People Involved
Impact
Activity – Create a protest poster designed to get
people involved in one of the following movements:
Second Great Awakening, Abolitionist Movement,
Women’s Movement, Temperance Movement,
Educational Reform . Include the basic foundations
of the movement, leaders, goals.
Rubric
 (40 points) The poster must include all of the basic
foundations of the movement, leaders and goals.
 (30 points)The poster must be persuasive.
 (30 points) The poster must be complete within the
allowed time and the students must demonstrate
effort and creativity.
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Essential Question: What beliefs led to the
expansion of suffrage for all classes in American
society?
 Standard: SSUSH7 Students will explain the
process of economic growth, its regional and
national impact in the first half of the 19th
century, and the different responses to it.
e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding
suffrage, the rise of popular political culture, and
the development of American nationalism.
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Which of the following actions would
have been supported by Northern
manufacturers and opposed by Southern
Planters?
a. allowing slavery to expand into Missouri
b. imposing a tariff upon finished goods
c. making improvements to the port of New
Orleans
d. making improvements to the cotton gin
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bell work
Reading and discussion: Declaration of
Sentiments
(http://www.nps.gov/wori/historyculture/de
claration-of-sentiments.htm)
Notes: Jacksonian Democracy
Video: Jackson
Closing: Answer the EQ
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The expansion of voting in 1828 meant that
many first time voters cast the ballot – most
of them for Jackson
Jackson was successful in appealing to the
common man
Even though he was a wealthy plantation
owner, “Old Hickory” characterized himself as
a man of humble origins
Shortly after taking office, Jackson announced that
appointees to federal jobs would serve a maximum of
four-year terms to ensure they didn’t become corrupt in
office
 Jackson’s administration used the spoils system – Jackson
reserved a large number of jobs in his government for his
political friends, firing those that previously held the jobs
 Jackson’s friends also became his primary advisors, called
his “kitchen cabinet” because they slipped into the White
House through the kitchen
 Jackson believed in a small central government, yet did
more for the power of the president than any other
President from Washington to Lincoln
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After the War of 1812, the British flooded American markets with
cheap goods in an effort to destroy American competitors
In 1816, Congress passed a tariff to protect American industry
The tariff was increased in 1824 and 1828
Jackson’s vice president, John C. Calhoun of South Carolina, called
the 1828 tariff a Tariff of Abominations
Because South Carolina was an agricultural region dependent on
cotton, the high tariff made it difficult for them to compete on the
world market
the high tariff of manufactured goods reduced British exports to
the US and forced the south to buy the more expensive northern
manufactured goods – the South saw the North getting rich at the
expense of the South
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Calhoun devised a nullification theory – this questioned
the legality of applying federal laws to the states
Calhoun argues that the US Constitution was based on a
compact between 13 sovereign states which had the right
to nullify (reject) laws they felt to be unconstitutional and
also withdraw from the union if it no longer served them
In 1832, Congress passed a tariff law that South Carolina
legislators found unacceptable – they responded by
declaring the tariff “null, void, and no law”
Jackson pronounced South Carolina’s actions treasonous
and threatened to hang Calhoun and march federal troops
into South Carolina to enforce the tariff
Before violence could occur, Henry Clay stepped in with a
compromise tariff
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Jackson was opposed to the Bank of the United States
The bank’s 20-year charter didn’t expire until 1836,
but Clay and Daniel Webster wanted to introduce it
early to make it a campaign issue
They thought if Jackson vetoed it he’d lose support
Jackson and his allies worked to make the people
think the bank was a privileged institution
In the end, the bank’s charter expired and became just
another bank – it was out of business within five years
This strengthened the new Whig Party, led by Henry
Clay, John Quincy Adams, and Daniel Webster, all of
whom opposed Jackson’s policies
1. Dates of Jackson’s Presidency:
Home state:
Party:
2. How was Jackson different from any of the previous Presidents?
3. What system did Jackson use for government jobs when he took office?
4. What was the Peggy Eaton affair? What was the effect on Jackson’s cabinet?
5. Who advised Jackson when he couldn’t depend on his cabinet? What were they called?
6. What did the Indian Removal Act do?
7. What happened to the Cherokee Indians? What was their movement known as?
8. What was the South Carolina nullification crisis?
9. Why did Jackson want to strike down the Bank of the United States?
10. How did Jackson close the Bank early?
11. What affect did Jackson have on the power of the Presidency?
Essential Question: Why did the reform
movements of the 19th century develop?
 Standard: SSUSH7 Students will explain the
process of economic growth, its regional and
national impact in the first half of the 19th
century, and the different responses to it.
e. Explain Jacksonian Democracy, expanding
suffrage, the rise of popular political culture,
and the development of American
nationalism.
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Most anti-Federalists changed from
opponents to supporters of the
Constitution after they were promised
A a bill of rights
B term limits on the office of president
C good relations with Native Americans
D a bicameral legislature
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Bell work
Work on Unit 2 Review
Political Cartoon Activity
Potential Essay Questions for the Unit 2 Test
Work on potential essay questions
1. The cartoon is titled “King Andrew the
First.” What is the cartoonist
implying?
1. What events during his time in office
are referenced in this cartoon?
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How were the borders of the United States expanded beyond the eastern part of
the country? What significant events led to this expansion? Be sure to discuss as
least three major land expansions after 1803 and their contribution to Manifest
Destiny.
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Several social reform movements impacted society in the 19th Century. Discuss
at least three of those movements being sure to include key leaders and goals.
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As the first president of the United States, how did George Washington
contribute to the establishment of a stable, well functioning government? Be
sure to mention the precedents he set and the warnings he made to future
leaders in his Farewell Address.
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What three key Constitutional conflicts emerged at the Constitutional
Convention? Be sure and include how each conflict was resolved.
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Why did the Articles of Confederation prove inadequate for governing the new
nation? Be sure to discuss at least three major weaknesses and their contribution
to the failure of the Articles.