Transcript Hemispheric Reactions to the events in Europe: Inter

Hemispheric Reactions to the events
in Europe: Inter-American Diplomacy;
Cooperation and Neutrality; Franklin
D. Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy,
its Application and Effects(1933-1945)
Regina Lopez, Jennifer Ly, Matthew Lin
Period 5
Inter- American Diplomacy
Declaration of Panama 1939: Conference where
all 21 American Republics agreed on a Pan- American
Security zone that reached out about 1000 nautical miles
offshore. Zone was regulated by U.S. ships
Inter-American Diplomacy
Havana Act 1940:
Established the fact that the
American Republics will not
tolerate any invasion from any
countries. Any attack against an
American Republic, is considered
an attack against all 21 American
Republics.
Canada defense Planning 19
Inter-American Diplomacy
Defense Planning with Canada 1940
Joint cooperation with United
States and Canada to form the
Permanent Joint Board on
Defense that is responsible for
the security of their continent.
At this time, Canada was
already actively fighting Nazi;
while the United States still kept
to their traditional policy of
isolation.
Inter- American Diplomacy
Suspension of Habeas
Corpus to JapaneseAmericans
Upon the Pearl Harbor
attack, the United States in
response suspended Habeas
Corpus to JapaneseAmericans that were
suspected of spying on the
American government to
help out the Japanese during
World War II. They were
either tried without due
process or were placed in
internment camps.
Inter-American Diplomacy
Act of Chapultepec 1945:
A resolution from the Inter
American Conference that
called for a collective effort
in case of an attack by
other continental powers.
Cooperation and Neutrality
• Canada
o Statute of Westminister of 1931- Made Canada into a fully
independent nation with the right of discretion in matters
of war and peace
o Canada's Position: Canada would support its 'Mother
Country' Britain in any event of war involving Britain
 Canada declared war on September 10, 1939 on
Germany, 1 week after France and Britain declared war
o The Royal Canadian Navy (RCN) grew 50-fold to a force of
nearly 100,000
 Played a critical role in winning the Battle of the Atlantic
and maintaining sea lanes for Britain against German
submarines
Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.)
o Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) helped Allies gain air
superiority in Europe
o Canada's Home Front:
 Produced warships, merchant vessels, bombers, fighters,
tanks, vehicles of all kinds, artillery pieces, and all sorts of
military equipment and munitions, employing millions of
people directly or indirectly.

Farms produced immense amounts of meat, grain, and
other produce to help keep Canada, Britain, and the Allies
fed and fighting.
o Canada's cooperation and military contributions helped
significantly to win the war.
Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.)
• Latin America
o Argentina
 Was part of the Latin American Anti-Comintern Pact
since 1935 and began backing Nazi Germany and its
Allies in 1936
 In 1944, under pressure from the US, Argentina severed
diplomatic ties with Germany and Japan
o Brazil
 On 1939, Brazil and US concluded a treaty of mutual
cooperation and economic assistance
 On 1942 Brazil severed diplomatic relations with
Germany and Italy and declared war on them.
 Received considerable amount of money and materials
from US and let Allies use its bases in exchange
Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.)
o Bolivia
 Remained neutral in the early wars of WW2
 Declared war on Germany, Japan, and Italy in 1942 but
never really participated military
o Chile
 Initially neutral in the beginning but broke relations with
Axis countries in 1943
o Colombia
 On 1941, Colombia severed ties with Germany, Italy, and
Japan; declared war on Germany in 1943
 Received grants and materials from US
o Most Latin American countries remained neutral in the
beginning of World War ll but eventually became anti-Axis in
the late years of the war mainly due to US influence and its
“Good Neighbor Policy”
As seen
here, most
Latin
American
countries
joined the
Allies in the
later years
of the war
due to US
influence
Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.)
• United States
o
o
o
Neutrality Acts of 1935-1937
 imposed a general embargo on trading in arms and war
materials, forbade all loans or credits to belligerents, and
U.S. ships were prohibited from transporting any
passengers or articles to belligerent
 Reflected the desire of the US maintain a policy of
“isolationist”
Destroyers for Bases Deal
 gave GB fifty aging destroyers in exchange for 99 year
leases for 8 British bases in the western hemisphere
Lend-Lease Act of 1941
 allowed the US to lend or lease war supplies to any nation
deemed "vital to the defense of the United States."
 Pretense to the end of US neutrality
Cooperation and Neutrality (Cont.)
o Japanese Attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941
 The attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese changed
America's neutral position to a belligerent one
 Led to ABC-1 agreement which called for "getting
Germany first" and then Japan
o America's Home Front
 Food, gas, clothing, and metals were rationed;
women found jobs in factories
o America's entrance into the war changed tides greatly
and helped the Allies to win the war
Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy
• Background
o
o
o
U.S. had a history of
intervention in Latin
America
Presidents Harding and
Coolidge had to deal
with “Yankee-phobia”
south of the border
At Sixth Pan-American
Conference in Havana in
1928, Hoover rejected
Wilson’s interventionist
policies
Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy cont.
• What was it?
o
1933 FDR claimed U.S. would be a "good neighbor" and
engage in a reciprocal relationship with Latin America
Countries
o
o
FDR was known as the “traveling salesman for peace” and
preached “mutual safety”
U.S. would adopt a non-interventionist policy towards
Latin America
o
o
Would not employ its armed forces in support of its objectives
in Latin America
Would still maintain influence in Latin America(support for
strong local leaders, training of national guards, export-import
bank loans, financial supervision)
Roosevelt’s Good Neighbor Policy cont.
• Applications
o
o
o
gain help from Latin
America in defending
the Western
Hemisphere from
Europe and Asia
improve relations with
the nations of Central
and South America
Wanted to increase
trade because of the
economic effects of the
Great Depression
Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy cont.
• Effects
o
o
Demonstrated U.S.'s shift to non-interventionist
Gradual Removal of all American forces in Latin America
o
o
Negotiation of compensation for Mexico's nationalization
of foreign aid in the oil industry 1938
o
o
Mexico seized Yankee oil properties and U.S. wanted to use
armed intervention but Roosevelt resisted
Annulment of the Platt Amendment
o
o
Removal of U.S. Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua in 1934
Platt Amendment stated U.S.’s right to intervene in Cuban affairs
By World War II the Western Hemisphere was reasonably
unified
Franklin Roosevelt with
Cuban President Fulgencia
Batista in 1942.
Nicaraguan dictator Anastasio Somoza with
President Franklin Roosevelt in Washington
in 1939.
MLA Citations
"Act of Chapultepec." Http://www.fofweb.com/. N.p., n.d. Web.
<http://www.fofweb.com/History/MainPrintPage.asp?iPin=ELAIV0002&Dat
aType=WorldHistory&WinType=Free>.
"Canada In WW2." Canada In WW2. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.canadianbattlefieldsfoundation.ca/foundation/canada_in_ww2.h
tm>.
Guerrant, Edward O. "Roosevelt's Good Neighbor Policy." University of New Mexico
Press, 1950. Web 4 Nov. 2012.
<http://www.questiaschool.com/library/680992/roosevelts-good-neighborpoloicy>.
"The Armed Forces of WWII (South America)." The Armed Forces of WWII (South
America). N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012.
<http://members.tripod.com/marcin_w/index-soam.html>.
World War II." World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2012. <http://www.u-shistory.com/pages/h1661.html>
"World War II Regional Trends: Latin America." World War II. N.p., n.d. Web. 04
Nov. 2012. <http://histclo.com/essay/war/ww2/cou/reg/ww2r-la.html>.