Transcript The Spanish – American – Cuban War

10-30-07
Obj: To understand the
causes and effects of the
Spanish-American War
Focus: Define Imperialism
and the causes of American
Imperialism.
The Spanish – American –
Cuban War
Chapter 18
Section 2
Terms and Names
Jose Marti
Valeriano Weyler
yellow journalism
USS Maine
George Dewey
Rough Riders
San Juan Hill
Cuban Political Instability
• Spain controlled both Puerto Rico
and Cuba
• Cubans frequently rebelled against
Spain
• 1868 – 1878 Cubans fought their first
war against Spain for independence
• 1886 - Forced Spain to get rid of slavery
• America began to invest in sugar
plantations in Cuba
• 1884 – US abolished tariff on
Cuban sugar which caused
production to take off
• 1894 – High tariff was restored
and destroyed Cuba’s economy
2nd War for Independence
• Jose Marti
–Cuban poet & journalist
–Organized Cuban resistance by
encouraging Cubans to destroy
American owned property
–Wanted America to help in the
resistance against Spain
American Opinion
• Business people wanted the US to
support Spain and protect their
businesses
• Others were excited for the
Cuban cause
–“Cuba Libre!”
Valeriano Weyler
• Spanish General
• Sent to Cuba to restore order
• Moved 300,000 people into
concentration camps
• Thousands died from hunger
and disease within two years
Yellow Journalism
• Newspaper and magazine articles
that exaggerate events to get the
attention of the readers.
• William Randolph Hearst – New
York Journal
• Joseph Pulitzer – World Newspaper
• Some reporters made up wild
stories
The DeLome Letter
• February 1898
• Enrique Dupuy deLome, Spanish
minister to the United States
• Wrote a private letter criticizing
President McKinley
• The letter was published in the
New York Journal
• DeLome resigned his position
The USS Maine
• The USS Maine was sent to Cuba to
protect American lives and
property
• February 15, 1898 – the ship
exploded and sank
• Spain was blamed for the attack
April 20, 1898
America
declares war
on Spain!
War in the Philippines
• The first battle took place in the
Philippines
• The Philippines were owned by the
Spanish for over 300 years
• May 1, 1898 George Dewey
destroyed the Spanish fleet in
the Manila Bay (Philippines)
US Forces Invade Cuba
• Admiral William T. Sampson
sealed the Spanish fleet in
Santiago harbor
• Showed the strength of the US
Navy
• Army landed in Cuba in June 1898
• The US Army had little supplies
and poor leadership
Rough Riders
• A volunteer cavalry
• Led by Leonard Wood and
Theodore Roosevelt
• Along with African – American
troops, captured San Juan Hill
Treaty of Paris of 1898
• August 12th – United States and Spain
•
signed an armistice to end the war.
December 10th – United States and Spain
agreed:
1) Cuba would become independent
2) Spain would give Guam and Puerto Rico to
the United States
3) United States would pay Spain $20 million for
the Philippines
Annexation of the Philippines
• Some Americans disagreed with
annexing the Philippines
– It’s a violation of the Declaration of
Independence (denying self – government to
a country)
– America should settle its own problems first
– Immigrants from the Philippines would take
American jobs
Closure…
• Create a Diagram of the causes and
effects of the Spanish-American War.
– …it may look like this…
Cause 1
Spanish-American War
Effect 1