Transcript The Height of Imperialism

The Height of
Imperialism
Chapter 21
Colonial Rule in South
East Asia
Section 1
The New Imperialism
 Unprecedented period of Western expansion into
Asia and Africa.
 Imperialism

The extension of a nation’s power over other lands.
 Economic Gain
 Direct control over raw materials for industrial growth
 National Prestige
 Social Darwinism and Racism
 Cultural superiority
 “The White Man’s Burden”
Colonial Take Over in South East Asia
 Great Britain
 First Western power to
take over SE Asia
 Singapore
 Burma
 France
 Vietnamese Empire
 Cambodia (Indochina)
 United States
 Philippines
Siam (Thailand)
 Only remaining free
state in South East Asia
 Buffer state between
British & French
Indirect Vs. Direct Rule
 Indirect Rule
 Local rulers maintained positions with guidance.
 Used local elites as administrators
 Convenient, cost effective
 Direct Rule
 Local power base removed and replace with
Europeans
 Protectorate
 Colonial powers did not want colonial possessions to
develop home industries

Plantation agriculture
Positive Aspects of Imperialism in
South East Asia?
 Western learning and society shared
 Modern economic systems
 Build infrastructure to assist in collection of
resources
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Bridges
Roads
Railroads
The United States
 Spanish – American
War
 President McKinley
decided to colonize the
Philippines
 Wanted the land so we
could trade with China
easier
 WARM UP - Read the National Geographic Article
“Stanley and Livingstone In Africa” on page 662.
Answer the following:
 Questions:
Why was Henry Stanley sent to Africa?
 What were two of Livingstone’s reasons for
exploring Africa?
 What were the main obstacles that
Livingstone faced?
 How did Livingstone feel about African
slavery?
 What was done with Livingstone after his
death?

Empire Building In
Africa
Section 2
Africa: An Overview
 Before 1880 Europeans controlled little of Africa
 By 1900, almost all of Africa was under European
control
West Africa
 Great Britain
 Gold Coast
 Nigeria
 France
 French West Africa
 Algeria
 Morocco
 Germany
 Togo
 Cameroon
 Southwest Africa
 German East Africa
North Africa
 Egypt
 independence from the Ottoman
Empire, 1805
 The Suez Canal
 Connected Mediterranean and Red Sea,
1869
.
 The Sudan
 Seized by the British 1898 after 17 years
of conflict with Sudanese nationalists
Central Africa
 David Livingstone and Henry
Stanley
 King Leopold II of Belgium
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Colonized the Congo region of
Central Africa
Paid Stanley to set up
Colonies
Belgium occupation
 Horrific treatment of Africans
 “Heart of Darkness”, Joseph
Conrad
South Africa
 Largest concentrated presence
of white Europeans
 Union of South Africa, 1910

Only whites could vote
African Nationalism
 Assimilation

Most European nations wanted to assimilate
Africans into their cultures, encouraging them
to abandon their traditional African ones.
 Growing unrest among rural poor
 Emerging middle class


Educated
Championing causes of the poor and
oppressed
Note Quiz – Chapter 21
1) What territory did America have in South East
Asia?
2) What was the only remaining free state in South
East Asia?
3) What is the difference between direct rule and
indirect rule?
4) What bodies of water does the Suez Canal
connect?
5) Who Colonized the Congo region of Central
Africa?
Bonus: What are the names of the poems we read in class
yesterday?
 Summarize the effects of imperialism on
Africa. What benefits and hardships did
colonization bring the continent? Explain the
political, economic, cultural, and technological
influences of expansion on both Europeans
and non-Europeans.
According to Gandhi: (write the questions)
I am going to collect them later!
1) What does a person who practices civil
disobedience do?
2) How does a civil resister act to force?
3) Why do you think a civil resister invites
imprisonment and force?
 (I am collecting this but at the end of
class I have other questions I want you
to add to this)
 “Complete civil disobedience is rebellion
without the element of violence, in it. An out
and out civil resister simply ignores the
authority of the state. He becomes an outlaw
claiming to disregard every unmoral state
law… In doing all this he never uses force
and never resists force when it is used
against him. In fact, he invites imprisonment
and other uses of force.”
 Mohandas Gandhi
British Rule In India
Section 3
The Sepoy Mutiny
 British power in India increased
over the 18th century

British East India Company
 Sepoys – hired Indian soldiers
 Cause – Bullets greased with cow
fats
 “First War of Independence”
 British East India Company’s
powers transferred to Parliament
 1876 – Victoria made Empress of
India
Colonial Rule
 Viceroy
 Head of Indian government
 Appointed by Queen
 Pros
 Stability
 Honest government
 Education for upper caste Indians
 Infrastructure (railroads, telegraph lines, postal service)
 Cons
 Economic: Industry removed
 Increasing rural poverty; abuse of local officials
 Food shortages (encouraged to grow cotton)
 Cultural and ethnic degradation
British Governors in India
British Family with Servants
Nationalist Movement
 Upper class, educated
Indians
 Reform instead of
revolution
 Indian National
Congress, 1885
 Mohandas Gandhi
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Educated in England,
lawyer
“Non-violence”
Gandhi’s funeral
Warm Up
Is imperialism bad or
good? Explain in detail!
Nation Building In Latin
America
Section 4
Climate for Revolt in Latin America
 Revolutionary ideas from the United States
moved South
 Developing Social Classes
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Peninsulares
Creoles
Mestizo
 Spain and Portugal weakened by Napoleon’s
conquests
Haiti
 First independence
movement in Latin
America
 Saint Dominque
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
French Colony
Slave revolt
1804, Republic of Haiti
Mexico
 Miguel Hidalgo
 Priest
 Rallied Native
Americans and
Mestizos
 September 16, 1810:
Mob attacks Spanish
 Agustin Iturbide
 Independence, 1821
 Declared himself
emperor
“The Liberators of South America”
 Simon Bolivar
1810,
Venezuela,
Colombia,
Ecuador
 Jose de San Martin
 1810, Argentina
 1817, Chile
 1824, Peru

Independence and Recognition
 By 1824 all of South America independent.
 1838 – All of Central America independent
 European Response
 Concert of Europe wanted to intervene, but
Britain disagreed
 American Response
 Monroe Doctrine of 1823
Troubles Facing the New Republics
 Losses during independence wars
 Border disputes
 Poor infrastructure
 Economy based on exports

Imperialism: United States and Great Britain
 Social Inequality
Spanish American War
 Cuba becomes a protectorate
 Puerto Rico is Annexed
 “Yellow-Journalism”

Made up stories to sell more papers
Warm Up
 If you had a choice, would you choose to be
ruled by Indirect rule or Direct rule under
imperialism? Explain! And overall was
imperialism a good or bad thing? (write a
paragraph I will collect it)
Foot Binding
Asian Resistance
CHINA & JAPAN
Britain’s Imperialistic Attempts in
China
 Qing Dynasty declining
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Corruption
Resistance to Modernization
 Increased British interest China
 Unfavorable trade balance
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Britain imported more goods FROM China
than they exported TO China
Forced to pay with silver – unprofitable
The Opium Wars 
 Britain sought a new product
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to trade in China to even the
balance: opium
Grown in India; powerful
sedative/pain killer
China declares opium illegal;
British respond hostilely
Opium Wars, 1839-1842
Extraterritoriality
Qing Attempts to Modernize
 “Self-Strengthening”
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
Western ideas would be
adopted but traditional
Confucian values would be
kept
Modern military
 Infrastructure rapidly built
 Reforms of Guang Xu - “The
One Hundred Days”
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Bureaucracy
European style education
Banks
Free press
 Open Door Policy
The Boxer Rebellion
 The Society of Harmonious Fists
 Upset by foreign intervention
 Opposed to Christianity
 1900 – Roamed China, attacking foreigners;
seized Beijing
 Coalition of British, French, German, Russian,
American and Japanese troops attacked the
Boxers, restored Chinese government.
 China in debt to nations that helped
The Last of the Emperors
 Sun Yat-sen – Revive China
Society
 Sun Yat-sen’s plan
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Military take over
Transitional phase
Constitutional democracy
 Revolution of 1911
 Pu Yi, the last Chinese
emperor, removed
 China declared a republic
End of the Isolation in Japan
 Tokugawa shogunate had driven
out foreign traders and regulated
trade for 200 years
 Mathew Perry
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Delivered letter from Millard
Fillmore asking for friendly
relations & trade
Returned for answer
 Treaty of Kanagawa
 Return of shipwrecked Americans
 Opening of two ports
 Establishment of U.S. Consulate
The Meiji Restoration
 Relations with the West was highly
unpopular.
 The Sat-Cho Alliance
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Satsuma and Chosu, samurai warriors
1868 Shogunate overthrown, office of the
Emperor reinstated
 Mutsuhito
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Reign of “The Meiji”, or “Enlightened”
Recognized Japan’s need to change in order
to survive.
Sat-Cho Samurai and Supporters
Japan Moving into the 20th Century
 Study and replication of Western politics
 Abolishment of feudalism
 Government encouraged industry
 Modern military
 Universal education