Transcript Cold War Conflicts

Have your map out ready
to turn in and I suggest
looking over your notes…
(Origins and Policies)
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FDR
Winston Churchill
Truman Doctrine
Soviet Union
FCDA
United States
Eisenhower Doctrine
NATO
McCarthyism
Harry Truman
Warsaw
SEATO
Containment
Television
Brinkmanship
Arms Race
Marshall Plan
John F. Kennedy
Cold War Conflicts
…Notes on your own
How close were we to WWIII?
Remember…Contain Communism!
• Germany and Berlin divided into 4 zones of
occupation
• Western zones work to establish democratic
government (Federal Republic of Germany)
• Eastern bloc (Soviet zone) stays under
Communist control
• Soviets don’t like the idea of western style
government and economy in their zone – So
what do they do about it?
Set up a blockade!
• Soviets block any road, rail, or river traffic into
West Berlin
• Attempt to starve citizens and force the allies
out
• 2.1 million residents in West Berlin suddenly cut
off from sources of food, coal, and other basic
necessities.
• How do the Western leaders respond?
Berlin Airlift - 1948
• British and American
planes deliver 7,000
tons of supplies into
West Berlin per day
• Milk, Flour, Medicine,
Coal, Building Equipment,
Toys
• Built more airstrips
• Lasts 323 days, USSR
lifts blockade in May
1949
• During that year,
American, British, and
French planes had made
nearly 280,000 flights into
Berlin
• Crashes – 70 American
and British citizens died
Korean War
• Korea was divided North
and South along the 38th
Parallel.
• Communists
controlled the North
• Capitalists controlled
the South
• Wanted to reunify, but
who would control?
Korean War
• 1950 – North Korea
invades South Korea
• Soviet weapons and tanks
• U.S. taken by surprise
but had to take a stand
against Communist
aggression
• Dwight D.
Eisenhower…“We’ll have
a dozen Koreas soon if we
don’t take a firm stand”
What theory?
Harry Truman says…
• “For ourselves, we seek no territory or domination over
others…We are concerned with advancing our prosperity and
our well-being as a Nation, but we know that our future is
inseparable joined with the future of other free peoples.”
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CONTAIN the spread of Communism in South Korea
UN Troops sent to support South Korea
UN Police Action – the US never declared war!
80% of UN Troops were American
• Under the Command of
General Douglas McArthur,
South Korea and the UN
Troops launch a massive
offensive and push troops
back across 38th Parallel and
well into North Korea
• 260,000 Chinese
troops poured in to
help North Korea.
• US/UN was forced to
retreat.
• After 3 years of fighting, the Armistice
line was established at nearly the same
place as the original 38th Parallel
• 54,000 American deaths
• Almost 2 million Communist forces
casualties
• Containment worked, but North
Korea remained Communist
What is it like today?
Who do you
think was more
successful?
Cuban Missile Crisis – October 1962
Cuba
• Controlled by Communist dictator – Fidel Castro
• Soviet Union Controlled by Nikita Khrushchev
Of course
you can
dude!
I got your back if
the U.S. invades
so can I place
some missiles in
Cuba… just in
case?
• The U.S. had placed some missiles in Turkey –
Khrushchev felt this was a threat to the Soviet Union so
he thought this justified putting similar missiles near the
southern border of the U.S. – Cuba
• Castro Allowed the Soviet Union to secretly install
missiles
• SAMs – Surface to Air Missiles
U-2 Spy planes over Cuba
detected Missile sites…
• Soviets call them “defensive
missiles,” - warns U.S. that
Cuban attack would mean war.
What should Kennedy do?
Airstrike/Invasion… or Naval Blockade?
• Less likely to provoke
launch and allowed
Soviets to remove
missiles themselves
• “Quarantine”
• not permit offensive
weapons to be delivered to
Cuba and demanded that
the Soviets dismantle the
missile bases already under
construction or completed
in Cuba and remove all
offensive weapons.
Did it work?
• Nuclear Poker
• Ships carrying missile
parts turn around
• Soviet Union agrees to
take missiles out if U.S.
agrees to never invade
Cuba
• Closest the
world has ever
come to
nuclear war
• “What kind of peace do we seek? Not a (peace) enforced on
the world by American weapons of war…not merely peace for
Americans in our time, but peace for all men and women in all
time…For, in the final analysis, our most basic common link is
that we all inhabit this small planet. We all breathe the same
air. We all cherish our children’s future. And we are all
mortal.”
• That peace is hard to find during this Cold War Era.
• Almost 20 years later President Regan has similar thoughts…
• Reagan
As you read “Cold War Turns
Hot”….
• Highlight/underline important information
• Create a vertical timeline on the last page
identifying examples where the Cold War
“turned hot”
Vietnam War (1955-1975)
• France in control of
Vietnam, Laos, Cambodia
(French Indochina)
• Why? - Resources: rice, tin,
rubber, oil
• After WWII Vietnamese
want to be free from French
and Japanese control – Ho
Chi Minh becomes leader of
Vietminh (North Vietnam)
VS.
Ho Chi Minh and
Vietcong
(Communism)
U.S. and President
Ngo Ding Diem
(Democracy)
• U.S. Supported President Ngo Dinh Diem, but he failed to hold
elections because he was too greedy and also knew he would
lose.
• Catholic, strong opposition against Buddhism
• U.S. support his overthrow
• Communist guerrillas in South Vietnam known as Vietcong
begin revolt in order to unify Vietnam under Communist
control of Ho Chi Minh
• U.S. sends military advisers, money, and eventually troops in
order to prevent South Vietnam fall to Communism
• Similar to Korea and the 38th
Parallel, Vietnam was divided
at the 17th Parallel
• Guerrilla Warfare (irregular)
• Vietcong Tunnels – Ho Chi
Minh Trail
• Armed Civilians
• Surprise Attacks
• Forrest, Forrest Gump
• Search and Destroy
Missions – Looking for a
guy named Charlie?
“After a while, survival was the name of the game as you sat there in
the semidarkness, with the firing going on constantly, like at a rifle
range. And the horrible smell. You tasted it as you ate your rations,
as if you were eating death…You went through the full range of
emotions seeing your buddies being hit, but you couldn’t feel sorry
for them because you had the others to think about.” – Captain Myron
Harrington
Presidential Leaders
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Eisenhower (military advisors)
Kennedy (military advisors and regular troops)
Johnson (more regular troops)
Nixon (more regular troops)
Ford (ended US involvement)
• “Our expectations were, we were going to stay there a month
to 90 days, help the South Vietnamese recover, and then we
would get out…We got this idea that the United States was
invincible…that, being U.S. Marines, our mere presence in
Vietnam was going to terrify the enemy into quitting” –
Liutenant Phillip Caputo
How did it end?
• After years of conflict, U.S. tries to pressure North Vietnam by
heavy bombing of North Vietnamese cities but unable to sway
North Vietnam from giving up.
• “Peace talks” called for U.S. to withdraw troops so that
Vietnam could rebuild
• Each side would release prisoners of war
• But what about the political future of Vietnam?
• April 30, 1975 - After 2 decades of temporary division, North
invades the South, after U.S. leaves, and the South surrenders
to Communism
Results of Vietnam
• Protests, cultural revolution
• Southeast Asia Refugees in U.S. - Why do you think they were
willing to travel thousands of miles on small, crowded boats to
live in the U.S.?
• 1.5 Million leave South Vietnam, 700,000 end up in U.S.
• War Powers Act
• President can send troops but Congress must reaffirm Declaration
of War within 60 days.
• Spent $150 billion
• 58,000 U.S. soldiers KIA or MIA
• Lenningrad
• What Cold War references do you hear Billy Joel mention?
• How does this song compare/contrast life in the U.S. vs. life in the
Soviet Union during this time period?