Transcript Powerpoint

Bellwork-Midterm 1 Review packet M/C Review
9. Completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 encouraged the
growth of the Midwest because it
1.
2.
3.
1. The Virginia House of Burgesses was important to the
development of democracy in the thirteen colonies
because it
5. What is the main argument Thomas Paine makes
concerning the relationship between Great Britain and its
American colonies?
1.
1. provided an example of a representative form of
government
2. created the first written constitution in America
3. provided for direct election of senators
4. began the practice of legislative override of
executive vetoes
2. One way that the British government carried out the
policy of mercantilism was by
1. promoting free trade between its colonies and
Europe
2. prohibiting the transatlantic trade in enslaved
Africans
3. encouraging the development of colonial
manufacturing and trade
4. requiring that most colonial trade occur within the
British Empire
3. Antifederalists criticized the United States
Constitution primarily because governing power was
concentrated in the
1.
2.
3.
4.
State legislatures
President’s Cabinet
delegates to the Constitutional Convention
National Government
4. At the Constitutional Convention of 1787, the Great
Compromise between the large states and the small
states resulted in
1.
2.
3.
4.
the creation of a bicameral legislature
a provision for equal protection of the laws
a permanent solution to the slavery issue
the guarantee of voting rights for all male
property owners
2.
3.
4.
Britain wants to make America a part of the
European continental system.
America is too distant for Great Britain to
govern effectively.
America lacks representation in Parliament.
American colonial leaders believe British
officials want to use them to fight European
wars.
6. The primary purpose of the Articles of Confederation
was to
1.
2.
3.
4.
provide revenues for the national government
establish the basic framework of the national
government
give the national government the power to regulate
interstate commerce
guarantee a bill of rights to protect citizens from
the national government
7. Which United States foreign policy action resulted
from the close geographic relationship between the
United States and Latin America?
1.
2.
3.
4.
Monroe Doctrine
Truman Doctrine
Marshall Plan
Open Door policy
8. The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison
(1803) increased the power of the federal courts by
1.
2.
3.
4.
increasing the number of judges
enabling the president to overturn lower-court
decisions
establishing federal supremacy over state
governments
establishing the principle of judicial review
4.
linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast
helped force the removal of British forts in the
Northwest Territory
stimulated development of cotton production in
the Ohio River valley
increased trade with Asia
10. The Three-fifths Compromise adopted in the
Constitution in 1787 had the effect of
1. increasing the representation of southern states
in Congress
2. providing a method for ratifying amendments
3. making possible the impeachment of the
president
4. allowing the use of the elastic clause in the
legislative process
14. The Proclamation of 1763 was intended to
11. What was one important geographic reason the
United States was able to maintain a foreign policy of
neutrality throughout most of the 19th century?
1.
2.
3.
4.
The Atlantic Ocean provided a buffer from
European interference.
15. The passage of Jim Crow laws in the South after
Extensive mountain ranges along the Pacific
Reconstruction was aided in part by
coastline prevented invasions.
Scarce natural resources discouraged
international trade.
1. a narrow interpretation of the 14th amendment
European immigrants had rapid communication
by the United States Supreme Court
with their homelands.
12. During the late 19th century, businesses tried to
maximize profits by
1.
2.
3.
4.
eliminating tariffs
supporting labor unions
resisting laissez-faire policies
creating monopolies
13. The decisions of the Supreme Court in McCulloch v.
Maryland (1819) and Gibbons v. Ogden (1824) are
important because they
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. allow American farmers to use the Mississippi
River
2. outlaw slavery in the Ohio River valley
3. prevent France from expanding into the Great
Lakes region
4. avoid conflicts with Native American Indians
west of the Appalachian Mountains
clarified constitutional limits on the right to bear
arms
denied slaves the right to sue in federal courts
increased the power of the federal government
over the states
upheld funding for the Erie Canal
2. a change in the southern economy from
agricultural to industrial
3. the growth of Republican-dominated
governments in the South
4. the rise in European immigration to the South
Answers to MC Questions
1. 1
9.
2. 4
10. 1
3. 4
11. 1
4. 1
12. 4
5. 2
13. 3
6. 2
14. 4
7. 1
15. 1
8. 4
1
The First 5 Presidents
George
Washington
1789-1797
President Washington set precedents: examples for others to
follow. (presidential cabinet, two-term limit, foreign policy of
neutrality)
During his Farewell Address he warned the nation about the
dangers of political parties and to “avoid permanent alliances
with foreign countries”
Whisky Rebellion- Secretary of treasury imposed an excise
tax(tax on goods produced within the country) on whisky.
Explanation: whisky was main source of revenue for western Pennsylvania, they
refused to pay the tax, beat up the Federal Marshall, militia sent by federal
government to put down rebellion. Impact: power of the federal government to
enforce laws
John Adams
1797-1801
(Federalist)
XYZ Affair-France began to seize American ships headed to Great
Britain. Adams sent a negotiation team to France. The officials from France
were called X,Y, and Z. They asked Americans for $250,000 to talk to their foreign minister. American anti-French
feelings arise and congress created a navy to seize French ships, America and France were involved in an
“undeclared” naval war.
Alien and Sedition Acts- An attempt to limit immigrants who were critics of his administration.
Alien Acts- residency requirements rose from 5 to 14 years (time
they had to wait to apply for citizenship). It also allowed the
president to deport or jail any alien considered “undesirable.”
Sedition (treason) Acts- Fines and jail terms for anyone expressing
damaging opinions about the government
Judiciary Act of 1801 (modified the Judiciary Act of 1789)- increased the number of federal judges
by 16- he filled the positions with Federalists
Midnight Judges-Adams assigned their appointments late on the last day of his administration
Marbury v. Madison- the first time the Supreme Court ruled
Thomas
something unconstitutional. Chief Justice John Marshall rules the
Jefferson 1801- Judiciary Act of 1789 unconstitutional. Establishes the principle of
1809
Judicial Review-ability of the Supreme Court to declare an act of
Congress unconstitutional.
(Republican,
Anti-Federalist)
Louisiana Purchase (land between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains),
purchased from France (Napoleon) for 15 million dollars.
The Louisiana Purchase: (1803)
1. Doubled the size of the U.S.
2. Control of the Mississippi River to transport agricultural goods
3. Port of New Orleans-transport of goods for European and
American trade
Lewis and Clark Expeditions- map out and explore the Louisiana
territory
War of 1812- Americans declared war in 1812 against Britain for
James Madison several reasons: trade restrictions, impressment (kidnapped
1809-1817
American sailors and forced them into the Royal Navy, Britain
supported Indian resistance of American expansion.
The war was fought on land and at sea with multiple victories and loses for America. In
1814 the British burned down the Capitol and the White House in Washington D.C.
Treaty of Ghent- The British and the Americans realized it was a war neither
wanted. The two nations met in Belgium and signed the treaty ending the war.
Battle of New Orleans- communication was slow! The battle of New Orleans was fought
two weeks after the treaty was signed. The battle lasted a little over an hour. The British suffered
more than 2,000 casualties and the Americans just over 20. The American victory unified the
country, restored patriotism, and made General Andrew Jackson a national hero.
James Monroe 1817-1825
McCulloch v. Maryland The issue: Does the government
have the power to create a national bank? Do states have
the right to tax institutions created by the federal
government? Outcome: It reinforced the doctrine of
implied powers (powers of Congress) and the power of
the national government over state governments
Monroe Doctrine: President James Monroe established
the Monroe Doctrine to prevent European powers from
further colonization in the Americas (Western
Hemisphere). If European countries tried to colonize or
interfere in the Americas (North or South) it would be
directly viewed by the U.S. as acts of intended aggression
which would require U.S. intervention.
1.
The U.S. would stay out of
1.
would not take sides in war
among them
The U.S. would not permit
(allow) any further colonization
in the Western Hemisphere
1.
The U.S. recognized European
4 main
points
theandMonroe colonies
Doctrine
European
internalof
affairs
already established and
would not interfere with them
1.
Any attempt by a European power to
take control of any nation in the
Western Hemisphere would be
viewed as a hostile action toward the
U.S.
Constitutional Amendments
1st- Freedom of Speech, Religion, Press, Assembly…
13th- Freedom- Abolished Slavery
14th- Equality- Provided citizenship to freed slaves
15th- Vote- The right to vote cannot be denied because of race/color
16th- Income tax- became the main source of federal income
17th- Senators- provided for the direct election of U.S. senators
18th-Alcohol- Prohibition-made the sale and/or consumption of alcohol illegal
19th-Women- Provided women suffrage
Manifest Destiny: The belief that the United States should expand from sea to shining sea
(Atlantic to the Pacific)
Imperialism- Stronger countries taking over
weaker countries
Louisiana Purchase- Purchased by Thomas Jeffersondoubled the size of the U.S.
Texas Annexation – Texas won independence from
Mexico during the Texas Revolution in 1836 and named
Sam Houston president of the new Republic of Texas.
The Mexican government refused to acknowledge Texas’s
independence. In 1838 Houston invited the U.S. to annex
(incorporate as a territory) Texas. In 1845 under President
Polk, Texas was entered into the Union as a slave state.
This angered the Mexican government and quickly led to
war with Mexico.
Mexican Cession-1848- After the Mexican-American War, Mexico ceded
(gave) the United States the Mexican Cession which included California, Utah,
Arizona, and parts of Colorado and New Mexico
California Gold Rush- Movement of people to a place in which gold was
discovered. The settlers were known as the 49ers
The effects of The Manifest Destiny on Native Americans
Indian Removal Act- President Andrew Jackson ordered 100,000 Native
Americans west of the Mississippi River…why? Fertile land and gold for the
white settlers
Trail of Tears- forced removal of Native Americans to Indian Reservations
Voter Participation because there was an end of property requirements for
voting
Slavery in the U.S. /Abolition/Women
People
•
William Lloyd •
Garrison
•
•
Harriet
Tubman-
•
•
•
Accomplishments/Significance
White newspaper editor
Wrote the “Liberator” newspaper from Massachusetts
Joined Anti-Slavery societies (clubs)
– Held meetings
– Gave lectures/speeches
– Wrote pamphlets/books
Believed slavery was morally wrong
African American women that escaped slavery from the south
Started the Underground Railroad
– A network of houses and people that helped slaves escape to freedom
(North)
– Very dangerous for escaping slaves
– Hundreds of white Americans helped slaves escape north!
She helped hundreds of slaves escape to Canada!
Harriet
Beecher
Stowe
Dred Scott
Frederick
Douglass
• White woman, abolitionist
• Author of the book “Uncle Tom’s Cabin”
– Revealed the horrors of slavery
• Sold thousands of copies all across America
• Enslaved African American male who unsuccessfully sued for his
freedom in 1857
• Dred Scott v. Sandford
• African American male who escaped slavery from the South
• Author and Speaker
– Wrote his own autobiography about life as a slave
– His book was VERY famous because it showed blacks could be
smart
– His book also showed the horrors of slavery
• Lived in Rochester, New York
• Wrote a newspaper called “The North Star” from Rochester, NY
Sojourner
Truth
Susan B.
Anthony
Elizabeth
Cady Stanton
Carrie
Chapman Catt
• Wanted Black women to be equal to all others
• She was a slave, had 13 children (all sold to slavery), and was
beaten with a whip
• Women suffragists signed The Declaration of Sentiments at
the Seneca Falls Convention in NY
• The Sentiments demanded equality with men before the law.
Voting rights, a voice in society, equal job opportunities/pay,
right to divorce, own land etc…
• The “Sentiments” were modeled after the Declaration of
Independence
• Were all leaders of NAWSA- National American Women’s
Suffrage Association
15 M/C Review
1) The term federalism is best defined as
(1) the process of amending a constitution
(2) the power of the courts to determine the
constitutionality of laws
(3) a republican form of government with no
hereditary ruler
(4) the division of power between the states and the
national government
2) Which action is an example of the use of checks and
balances?
(1) impeachment of President Bill Clinton
(2) choosing a vice presidential running mate by a
presidential candidate
(3) election of the Speaker of the House by the
majority party
(4) starting negotiations for a treaty by President
George Washington
3) The Supreme Court decision in Marbury v. Madison
(1803) increased the power of the federal courts by
(1) increasing the number of judges
(2) enabling the president to overturn lowercourt decisions
(3) establishing federal supremacy over state
governments
(4) establishing the principle of judicial review
4) Completion of the Erie Canal in 1825 encouraged the
growth of the Midwest because it
(1) linked the Great Lakes to the Atlantic Coast
(2) helped force the removal of British forts in
the Northwest Territory
(3) stimulated development of cotton production
in the Ohio River valley
(4) increased trade with Asia
5) During the 1840s, supporters of Manifest
Destiny favored
(1) closing the frontier to settlement
(2) ending the American System
(3) acquiring Texas and California
(4) ceding the Oregon territory to Russia
6) What was one important geographic reason the United
States was able to maintain a foreign policy of neutrality
throughout most of the 19th century?
(1) The Atlantic Ocean provided a buffer from
European interference.
(2) Extensive mountain ranges along the Pacific
coastline prevented invasions.
(3) Scarce natural resources discouraged
international trade.
(4) European immigrants had rapid
communication with their homelands.
7) President Andrew Jackson used the spoils system to
(1) stop the westward expansion of slavery
(2) strengthen the military for national defense
(3) reward loyal political supporters
(4) destroy the Bank of the United States
8) Which constitutional principle was the main focus of
the North–South conflicts that led to the
Civil War?
(1) States rights
(2) due process of law
(3) separation of powers
(4) presidential veto power
9) • Publication of The Liberator
• Kansas-Nebraska Act
• Dred Scott decision
The events listed above all contributed to the
(1) outbreak of the Civil War
(2) formation of the policy of Manifest Destiny
(3) passage of the Missouri Compromise
10) After the Civil War, which development limited
economic opportunities for African Americans in the
South?
(1) creation of military districts
(2) establishment of the Freedmen’s Bureau
(3) use of the sharecropping system
(4) ratification of the 14th amendment
11) Literacy tests, grandfather clauses, and poll taxes were enacted by
Southern States to
(1) limit the movement of African Americans
(2) restrict the voting rights of African Americans
(3) improve the social status of African Americans
(4) expand educational opportunities for African Americans
12 is same as 9
13) After 1877, racial segregation became widespread in the South
primarily as a result of the
(1) decline of the Ku Klux Klan
(2) activities of the Freedmen’s Bureau
(3) stationing of federal troops in the South
(4) passage of Jim Crow laws
14) The theory of laissez-faire economics was used during the late 1800s
to
(1) justify unregulated business growth
(2) call for more consumer protection
(3) support Progressive programs
(4) achieve equal distribution of income
15) The actions of muckrakers in the late 19th century and early 20th
century resulted in
(1) Supreme Court decisions that expanded the right to vote
(2) government regulation of unfair business practices
(3) increases in the power of monopolies
(4) reduction of the president’s power to manage the
economy
Answers to MC questions
1.
4
9.
1
2.
1
10. 3
3.
4
11. 2
4. 1
12. Same as 9
5. 3
13. 4
6. 1
14. 1
7. 3
15. 2
8. 1