Transcript INDEPENDENCE FOR TEXAS

UNIT 7: MILITARY
CONFLICT
LESSON 7.4: TEXAS
INDEPENDENCE AND THE
MEXICAN AMERICAN WAR
Focus
• What do you already know about the
Texan War for Independence and the War
with Mexico?
INDEPENDENCE FOR
TEXAS
SETTING THE STAGE
• Americans Who Settled In Texas Did Not Assimilate As The
Mexican Government Had Hoped. The Struggle Over Control Of
That Border Territory Resulted In A Rebellion And, After Some
Dramatic Military Encounters, Independence For Texas.
EMPRESARIOS AND SETTLERS
• National Colonization Act Gives 26 Empresarios, Or Agents, Large
Plots Of Land Meant For American Colonization
• Stephen Austin Most Successful Of Empresarios
AMERICANIZING TEXAS
• Few Americans Came To See Mexico As Their Own Country In
Texas Territory
• Mexico Became Distrustful Of American Settlers Due To American
Culture (Didn’t Convert To Rc)
• As A Result, In 1830 Mexico Closed Border To Further Immigration,
And Raised Tariffs On American Products
• Settlers Infuriated:
• Settlements Could Not Grow
• Became Expensive To Purchase American Goods
• Mexico Making Rules For Them!!!
TEXAS GOES TO WAR
• Stephen Austin Tries To Negotiate W/ Mexican Pres. Antonio Lopez
De Santa Anna
• Austin Eventually Arrested For Treason, Imprisoned W/Out Trial
• Santa Anna Declares Himself Dictator
• Austin Released From Prison In 1835, Urges Texas To Organize
Army
THE EARLY BATTLES “COME AND TAKE
IT!”
• Texas Army Enjoyed Its First Taste Of Victory At Military Post At
Gonzales
• Rebels Drive Much Larger Force Out Of San Antonio
• Texas Draws Up Constitution (W / Slavery)
THE ALAMO
• 180 Texans Under Command Of Lt. Col. William Travis
Holed Up In Alamo-pg. 267
• Mission = Hold Off 6,000 Troops Under Santa Anna To
Give Sam Houston Time To Raise And Organize Army.
• Rebels Held Off Mexican Army For 13 Days, But All
Were Killed In The End
GOLIAD
• Two Weeks After The Alamo, Texas Troops At Goliad
Surrendered And Were Executed
THE BATTLE OF SAN JACINTO
• Sam Houston’s Army Slaughters Santa Anna’s
Sleeping Army, Captured Santa Anna
THE REPUBLIC OF TEXAS
• IN SEPTEMBER 1836, SAM HOUSTON VOTED AS PRESIDENT
• ALSO VOTED FOR ANNEXATION
• DUE TO TENSIONS IN THE USA OVER ISSUE OF SLAVERY,
ANDREW JACKSON DID NOT ADMIT TEXAS INTO USA
• TEXAS RECOGNIZED BY JACKSON AS AN INDEPENDENT
NATION
The Oregon Question and WAR WITH
MEXICO
• By 1844, Control Of
Oregon And Annexation
Of Texas Became Major
Political Issues.
The Oregon Question
• Polk’s rallying cry “fiftyfour forty or fight”
declared the USA shoud
control all of Oregon
below the line of 54 40’
north latitude
• Manifest destiny baby!
• Matter settled
diplomatically in Oregon
Treaty b/w USA and
Great Britain
The Annexation of Texas
• Mexico Outraged!
• Matters Worsened
Due To Dispute Over
Southern Border
• Mexico = Neuces
River
• USA = Rio Grande
Reasons for War
• Polk Orders Troops Led By
Zachary Taylor To Cross
Neuces River
• “American Blood Has Been
Spilt On American Soil”!
• Opponents Saw War An
Attempt At Extending Slavery
The Fighting Begins
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Before Polk even signed the
declaration of war, Taylor’s troops
defeated Mexican troops at Palo
Alto and at Resaca de la Palma.
Further north, an American force ,
led by Stephen Kearney, took
Santa Fe after the Mexican troops
fled
Settlers in northern California led
by John Fremont revolted, and
declared California independent
from Mexico.
They created the Bear Flag
Republic. A few weeks later the
American Navy took possession of
California for the United States
To Mexico City
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Mexico refused to surrender
Polk sent troops to Veracruz, and
began march west to Mexico City.
Polk saw Taylor as possible rival
in 1848 election, so he replaced
Taylor with General Winfield Scott.
Polk ordered Scott and his troops
to capture Mexico City
The city was captured on Sept.
14, 1847, after hard fighting.
THE PEACE TREATY
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TREATY OF GUADALUPE HIDALGO
=
MEXICO CEDED (GAVE UP) 500,000
SQ MILES
RIO GRANDE SOUTHERN BORDER
USA PAID MEXICO 15 MILLION AND
AGREED TO TAKE UP 3.25 MILLION
IN MEXICAN DEBT
DREAM OF MANIFEST DESTINY
REALIZED!
QUESTION OF SLAVERY IN NEW
TERRITORIES WOULD LEAD TO
ANOTHER WAR……..
ACTIVITY
Primary Source Document “Polks Diary”
REFLECTION
• SUMMARIZE IN YOUR OWN WORDS WHAT YOU HAVE
LEARNED TODAY…..
• WHAT WERE SOME OF THE CAUSES FOR THE TEXAS WAR
FOR INDEPENDENCE?
• WHAT WERE SOME OF THE MILITARY CONTRIBUTIONS OF
THE SOLDIERS DEFENDING THE ALAMO DURING THE TEXAS
WAR FOR INDEPENDENCE?
• HOW WAS THE TEXAN ARMY ABLE TO DEFEAT THE MEXICAN
ARMY?
• WHAT WERE SOME OF THE REASONS THE UNITED STATES
DECLARED WAR ON MEXICO.
• SUMMARIZE THE PROVISIONS OF THE TREATY OF
GUADALUPE HIDALGO.
• WHAT NEW PROBLEM DID THE ADDITION OF TERRITORIES
CAUSE FOR THE UNITED STATES?