Transcript Section 4: The Continuing Cold War

THE COLD WAR
America: Pathways to the Present
Chapter 26: The Cold War (1945–1960)
Section 1: Origins of the Cold War
Section 2: The Cold War Heats Up
Section 3: The Korean War
Section 4: The Continuing Cold War
Presidents of the United
States
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George Washington; Federalist (1788) #21 - …
John Adams; Federalist (1796)
Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881)
Thomas Jefferson (1800)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884)
James Madison (1808)
Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888)
James Monroe (1816)
Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892)
John Quincy Adams (1824)
William McKinley; Republican (1896)
Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828)
Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901)
Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836)
William Howard Taft; Republican (1908)
William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1912)
John Tyler; Whig (1841)
Warren G. Harding; Republican (1920)
James K. Polk; Democrat (1844)
Calvin Coolidge; Republican (1923)
Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848)
Herbert Hoover; Republican (1928)
Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850)
Franklin D. Roosevelt; Democrat (1932)
Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852)
Harry S. Truman; Democrat (1945)
James Buchanan; Democrat (1856)
Dwight D. Eisenhower; Republican (1952)
Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860)
John F. Kennedy; Democrat (1960)
Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865)
Lyndon B. Johnson; Democrat (1963)
Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868)
Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876)
James Garfield; Republican (1880)
CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the origins of the
Cold War and evaluate the presidential foreign policies
during the Cold War.
 OBJECTIVE 8.4: Describe characteristics of the
McCarthy Era and 1950’s American culture.
CHAPTER 26 SECTION 4
The Continuing Cold War
During the 1950s, the Cold War spread around the
world. At home, McCarthyism caused fear and distrust.
McCARTHYISM
McCarthy’s Rise to Power
 In 1950 Wisconsin Senator Joseph
McCarthy, caused a second “Red
Scare” of Communist conspiracies
within the United States.
 McCarthy produced a list of 205
names of presumed Communistsupporting government
employees.
o
Later, when scrutinized, this list was
reduced to 57.
o Although McCarthy’s accusations were
usually baseless and unprovable, few
were willing to risk their reputations by
speaking out against him.
McCarthy’s Fall
 In early 1954, McCarthyism, the
name given to McCarthy’s
communist crusade, reached the
army.
 Democrats asked that the hearings
between McCarthy and the army
be televised, hoping to swing
popular opinion against
McCarthy.
 By mid-June 1954, McCarthy had
lost even his strongest supporters.
The Senate formally condemned
him for his actions.
WHO IS JOE MCCARTHY?
 McCarthyism
 https://www.youtube.com/watch
?v=n-s6xqd9T8w
THE ARMS RACE
 Throughout the 1950s, the United States
and the Soviet Union competed in an arms
race, a struggle to gain weapons superiority.
 Dwight Eisenhower becomes president in 1953, wants
to avoid war with the Soviets
 Joseph Stalin dies in 1953; succeeded by Malenkov &
Kruschev
EISENHOWER
 Deterrence, the policy of maintaining a powerful arsenal so
strong that no enemy will attack for fear of retaliation, resulted
in the increasing development of powerful nuclear weapons.
 The American policy of brinkmanship involved bringing the
United States to the brink of war without actually entering into
war.
U.S. FALLS BEHIND
 In 1957, the Soviets launched the satellite Sputnik, the first
satellite to orbit Earth.
 In another advancement, the Soviet Union developed long-range rockets known
as intercontinental ballistic missiles, or ICBMs.
 When a Soviet missile shot down an American U-2 spy plane in
May 1960 , the resulting U-2 incident shattered American
confidence and prompted a desire to surpass Soviet weapons
technology.
TELEVISION
 1950’s TV shows were about comfort and security
 America fell in love with TV in the 1950’s
 Invented in the 1927 and only 3 networks existed in the 50’s
o Many shows are about family, comfort, and security
o The mood of the era was to avoid conflict and encourage conformity
 Shows ranged from comedy, family, sci-fi
 Leave It to Beaver:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ULK_PNaS6d0
 I Love Lucy #1:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NPzLBSBzPI
 I Love Lucy #2:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kNhnFt41pD4
MORALITY
CLASH
 Religion
 Church attendance grew as the U.S. battled
“godless” communism
 “Under God” added to the pledge in 1954 ;
“in God we trust” added to currency in 1955
 Beatniks
 Beat Generation were writers
challenged tradition and
encouraged spontaneity
 Jack Kerouac published “On the
Road” in 1957 about his travels
YOUTHFUL REBELLION
 Youth in Rebellion
 Some youth felt disconnected from parents values
& conformity
 The 1955 film, Rebel Without a Cause captured these
feelings
o
Drag racing, smoking, “cool” to be bad
 Rock n’ Roll becomes immensely popular in 1951
 Music grew out of African American rhythm and blues
 Chuck Berry, Johnny B. Goode (1958):
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rVT65M4mRnM
 Elvis Presley became the best known rock artist of the era
 Rock-N-Roll Causes Immorality? Examine opposing viewpoints: Pg. 910
#1: What does each viewpoint say about the relationship between rockand-roll and juvenile delinquency?
#2: Is this issue relevant today?
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
A.
B.
C.
D.
He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
He strengthened the United States Army.
He encouraged Americans to stand up for their civil rights.
He created opposition to United States involvement in Latin America
Which of these best describes Deterrence?
(A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy
(B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away
(C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually
entering into war.
(D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than enemies are fearful to
attack
OBJECTIVE ASSESSMENT
What impact did Joseph McCarthy have on American society?
A.
B.
C.
D.
He encouraged a widespread fear of communism.
He strengthened the United States Army.
He encouraged Americans to stand up for their civil rights.
He created opposition to United States involvement in Latin America
Which of these best describes Deterrence?
(A) Invading communist countries to encourage democracy
(B) The plan to contain communism until it fades away
(C) involved bringing the United States to the brink of war without actually
entering into war.
(D) Making your weapons arsenal so strong than enemies are fearful to
attack
ESSENTIAL QUESTIONS
COMPLETE SENTENCES!
#3: Provide an example of how 1950’s culture is similar to
today.
#4: Provide an example of how 1950’s culture is different than
today.
#5: In one sentence describe the McCarthy Era.