Transcript A and P lesson 5x - Calthorpe Park Moodle

GCSE
PE
Lesson 6:
Anatomy and
Physiology
Starter activity
Watch the following video and then make a list of any questions that you have about respiration
Extension
Answer somebody
else’s question
Learning
Challenges
➔ Remember the components of the
respiratory system
➔ Explain gaseous exchange
➔ Explain the process of inhalation and
exhalation
➔ Analyse spirometer data and
understand the different types of lung
volume
Cardio-respiratory system
This is the term given to the respiratory and circulatory (or cardiovascular)
systems working together.
Respiratory system
This system transports oxygen to the body to produce energy and enable activity.
It also transports carbon dioxide away from the body, which is a waste product
produced by the muscles during exercise.
Gaseous exchange
Inhaled oxygen transports to the alveoli in the lungs, where it diffuses into the
capillaries of the circulatory system. Conversely carbon dioxide in the capillaries
diffuses into the alveoli and then exhaled.
Extension
What are alveoli?
What are capillaries?
What is diffusion?
What is haemoglobin
and oxyhaemoglobin?
Extension
Mechanics of breathing
How does this process
change during physical
activity?
Inhalation/inspiration:
Include the pectorals,
sternocleidomastoid
and abdominal muscles
in your answer.
• Diaphragm flattens and moves downwards
• Intercostal muscles contract raising the ribs and moving the sternum outwards
• Increased chest cavity causes a drop in air pressure
• Air is inhaled and moves to the lungs
Exhalation/expiration:
• The opposite occurs
Extension
Spirometer trace
How does the
spirometer trace change
during physical activity?
Key terms
Cardio-respiratory system
The name used to describe the respiratory system and cardiovascular system working together
Gaseous exchange
The process where oxygen from the air in the alveoli moves into the blood in the capillaries, while carbon dioxide moves from the blood in
the capillaries into the air in the alveoli.
Haemoglobin
The protein found in red blood cells that transports oxygen (as oxyhaemoglobin) and carbon dioxide around the body.
Oxyhaemoglobin
A chemical formed when haemoglobin bonds to oxygen.
Alveoli
Small air sacs in the lungs where gaseous exchange takes place.
Capillaries
A network of microscopic blood vessels. They are only one cell thick.
Diffusion pathway
The distance travelled during diffusion. The diffusion pathway is short in gaseous exchange.
Inhalation/inspiration
The process of breathing in.
Exhalation/expiration
The process of breathing out.
Expiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be forced out after tidal volume (after normal exhalation). Expiratory reserve volume decreases during
exercise.
Inspiratory reserve volume
The amount of air that can be forced in after tidal volume (after normal inhalation). Inspiratory reserve volume decreases during exercise.
Residual volume
The amount of air that remains in the lungs after maximal expiration. There is no change in residual volume during exercise.
Tidal volume
The normal amount of air inhaled or exhaled per breath. Tidal volume increases with exercise.
Vital capacity
The largest volume of air that can be forcibly expired after the deepest possible inspiration.
Station 1: Teacher support with
home learning on respiratory
system and gaseous exchange
Station 2: Worksheets – complete
1.10 and 1.11 using the textbook for
support
Station 3: Practical activity
a. Measure your breathing rate at
rest (count breaths per minute).
This is your tidal volume.
b. Experiment trying to experience
inspiratory and expiratory
reserve volume by forcing extra
air in and out as you breath
c. Repeat the steps above after
vigorous exercise. What do you
notice about the changes in
tidal volume and inspiratory and
expiratory reserve volume?
Station 4: Spirometer analysis
a. Complete worksheet 1.11
b. Now sketch a spirometer trace
for the following scenarios:
• Mindfulness breathing practice
• Walking
• Jogging
• Running
• Maximal sprinting
c. How does tidal volume and
inspiratory and expiratory
reserve volume change as
exercise intensity increases?
d. Why?
Activity
Extension
Challenge yourself
and try a different
station to deepen
your understanding
Plenary – Q and A
Learning
Challenges
➔ Remember the components of the
respiratory system
➔ Explain gaseous exchange
➔ Explain the process of inhalation and
exhalation
➔ Analyse spirometer data and
understand the different types of lung
volume
Home Learning
● Fourth person in the register (Harvey)
add the key terms to the Moodle
glossary
● Read pages 19-21 of the textbook
(scanned on Moodle)
● Complete worksheets 1.12, 1.13,
1.14
● Ensure that you know the
components of the cardiovascular
system (four chambers of the heart,
three blood vessels and blood)
● Wach the following video to explain
how blood is pumped around the
body (up to 2:30 minutes)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E
SFPSHCDDZU You do not need to
know the names of the valves.