Transcript Birds_and_Mammals - T. Schor Middle School

Birds and Mammals
Pages 406-413 and 420-428
The Birds!
Pgs. 406-413
Body Characteristics
• Body Symmetry: Bilateral
• Cell Organization: cells to tissues, to organs, to
organ systems
• Reproduction: Sexual
• Body Development: Internal fertilization where
females lay eggs that contain embryos. When the
embryo is fully developed it hatches.
Just the facts…
• ENDOTHERMIC
VERTEBRATE
• Has feathers
• Four-chambered heart
• Lays eggs
How Do Birds Move?
• Have adaptations for flight
– Many of their bones are
hollow
– Wings
– Large chest muscles
– Feathers
• CONTOUR FEATHERS: to
help balance and steer
• DOWN FEATHERS: to keep
warm
How Do Birds Get Oxygen?
• Require lots of oxygen because of their need to fly
– Have air sacs all through their body that connect to lungs
– 4 – chambered heart which allows their cells to have
PLENTY of oxygen
How Do Birds Eat?
• Need to eat LOTS of food to
have enough energy to fly.
• One-way system
• Digestive system:
– Bill – captures, grips and
handles food
– Esophagus
– Crop – stores food
– Gizzard – grinds the food
– Intestine
– Anus
How Do Birds Reproduce
• Internal fertilization
• Lay hard-shelled eggs
• Incubate (keep warm) the
eggs because the embryo
will only develop at a
temperature close to the
bird’s body temperature.
• Depending on the
species, chicks may take
12-80 days to hatch
Birds like ducks and chickens can run
around right after hatching. Other chicks
like robins and blue jays are featherless,
blind, and nearly too weak to eat food.
Bird Adaptations
• Birds have special adaptations to their beak
structure, feather color and body type.
– Allows them to survive in a certain environment
– Allows them to eat certain food
Blue Heron spears its prey with
its sharp beak.
Eagles use their talons to
capture prey.
The flightless ostrich runs up to
60 km/hr!
The macaw has a thick beak to
help it crack open seeds.
The hummingbird’s long, thin
beak allows it to feed off of the
nectar of a flower.
Birds: A Review
Mammals
pgs 420-428
Body Characteristics
• Body Symmetry: Bilateral
• Body Organization: Cells to tissues to organs to
organ systems
• Reproduction: Sexual
• Body Development: Zygote to embryo to fetus
Just the Facts…
•
•
•
•
•
ENDOTHERMIC VERTEBRATES
Four Chambered Heart
Skin covered with fur or hair
Give birth to live young
Young mammals are fed by milk produced by
the mother
How do Mammals Eat?
• Mammals have teeth
– Incisors: flat edged used to bite off and cut food
– Canines: Pointed used to stab and tear food
– Pre-Molars: broad used to grind food
– Molars: broad used to grind food
A Mammals Teeth Reflects it’s Diet
• What would a Carnivore’s teeth look like?
• What would a herbivore’s teeth look like?
How do mammals get Oxygen?
• Mammals have lungs
– Provides a large
surface area where
the oxygen moves into
the blood
• Four chambered
heart
– Double loop
circulatory system
How do Mammals Move?
• Most mammals walk
or run on four limbs
• Some have special
adaptations for
movement in their
environment
– Wings
– Flippers
– Powerful hopping
legs
3 Orders of Mammals
• Monotremes
– Egg Laying Mammals
– Lay eggs into a pouch in the mother’s belly
3 Orders of Mammals
• Marsupials
– Young born at
an early stage
(embryo)
– Continue to
develop in a
pouch
3 Orders of Mammals
• Placental Mammals
– Largest order of
mammals
– Young develop inside
the mother’s body
until it can function
independently
– Divided into families
based on
characteristics like
how they eat and how
they move
Mammal Families
• Carnivores
– Large canine teeth
– Clawed toes
Mammal Families
• Marine
– Fins and flippers
for swimming
– Larger lung
capacity
Mammal Families
• Rodents
– Have incisor teeth
for gnawing at food
The capybara is the largest rodent in
the world.
Mammal Families
• Rabbits and
Hares
– Specialized legs
for leaping
– Curved incisors
for gnawing
Mammal Families
• Mammals with
Trunks
– Long trunks used for
collecting food and
water
Mammal Families
• Insect Eaters
– Extremely sharp
teeth
– Sensitive noses
for sniffing out
insects
Mammal Families
• Toothless Mammals
– Swallow food whole
Mammal Families
• Hoofed Mammals
– Feet are adapted for galloping on hard surfaces
Mammal Families
• Flying Mammals
– Thin skin stretches over arm bones creating wings
Mammal Families
• Primates
– Large Brains
– Eyes that face outward
– Typically one young per
pregnancy
– Unique grasping ability
Mammals: A Review