Transcript Keeping Your Body Healthy The Body Systems

Lesson 19
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Our bodies are comprised of cells. These
cells make tissues for example smooth
muscle tissue. The tissues form organs for
example the stomach. The organs make up
different body systems for such as the
Cardiovascular System.
CELLS---->TISSUES---->ORGANS--->BODY SYSTEMS
Cardiovascular, Nervous , Immune,
Respiratory, Skeletal, Muscular, Endocrine,
Digestive, Integumentary, Urinary
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The cardiovascular system is responsible for
transporting nutrients, gases, hormones, and
cellular waste products.
The cardiovascular system consist of blood,
blood vessels, and the heart.
Blood- carries gases (oxygen), and nutrients
through out the body. Two types of Blood
Cells Red and White. Red Blood Cells are
responsible for carrying oxygen through out
the body by connecting to hemoglobin.
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Blood Vessels-Broken into 3 kinds veins,
arteries, and capillaries. Veins carry blood to
the heart while arteries carry blood away from
the heart. Artery blood is oxygenated while
vein blood is not. Capillaries are the
transport vehicle that allow nutrients to pass
from the blood to the body cells.
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BLOOD PASSAGE: Heart is broken into 4
chambers Right Atria, and Ventricle and Left
Atria and Ventricle.
Blood From Cells Enter Right Atria---->Right
Ventricle---->lungs to receive oxygen--->Left Atria---->Right Ventricle---->Aorta.
The aorta is the artery that pumps
oxygenated blood to the rest of the body.
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The nervous system is responsible for
carrying message from the brain and spinal
cord to other parts of the body for example
remove hand from hot stove.
The nervous system is comprised of the
central and peripheral nervous systems. The
central nervous system consists of the brain
and spinal cord. The peripheral nervous
system consists of nerves that branch out to
muscles, organs, and glands.
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Brain-Mass of nerve tissue that acts as the
control center of the body. The two parts of
the brain associated with the nervous system
are the cerebrum and cerebellum. The
cerebrum controls ones ability to memorize,
think and learn. The cerebellum controls
muscle activity. For example a persons ability
to catch a ball.
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Spinal Cord- The spinal cord are nerves that
extend downward from the brain. They allow
messages to go from the brain to the nerves
that reach through the body.
Nerve Cells are known as neurons. Neurons
receive message through fibers known as
dendrites. The dendrites then send the
message down the axon where other
dendrites from neurons can receive the
message
BRAIN---->SPINAL CORD---->NERVES
---->NEURONS---->Dendrites-axon-other
neuron dendrites
 Sensory Neurons receive impulses from
organs while Motor Neurons receive impulses
from muscles and glands.
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The immune system is responsible for
removing and combating harmful organisms
known as pathogens in the blood.
The immune system is composed of the
lymph, lymph nodes, lymph vessels, tonsils,
thymus gland, and spleen.
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Lymph is a clear liquid that surrounds cells.
The lymph will filter pathogens to the lymph
nodes where the nodes can destroy the
pathogens. As a second line of defense the
items in lymph nodes gets filtered again
through the spleen.
The thymus glad changes white blood cells
into T Cells that will kill pathogens.
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The responsibility of the respiratory system is
to provide the body cells with oxygen and
remove carbon dioxide that cells make as
waste.
The respiratory system consists of nose,
mouth, epiglottis, trachea, lungs.
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When you breath in through your mouth or
nose air goes through the pharnyx to the
trachea. The trachea is a tube that moves air
into the bronchi and lungs. The bronchi are
two tubes that lead into the lungs. Once
inside each lung little vessel like structures
know as bronchioles feed air to the alveoli
(sac like structures). The alveoli exchange
oxygen and carbon dioxide with blood
capillaries.
Nose---->Pharynx---->Trachea--->Bronchi
---->Lungs---->Bronchioles---->Alveoli
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The skeletal system is responsible for
creating a framework for the body that
protects organs, produces blood, and works
with muscles to create movement.
The skeletal system consist of bones, bone
marrow, cartilage, ligaments, and joints.
Bone is the structural material of the skeletal
system. Periosteum is thin tissue that covers
the bone and contains nerves and blood
vessesls.
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Bone Marrow is soft tissue in the center of the
bone where red and white blood cells are
formed. These cells are then sent through
the blood vessels that are in the periosteum.
Cartilage is soft connective tissue on the ends
of bones that act as a cushion where bones
meet.
Ligaments are tough fiber that connect bones
to bones.
A joint is where two bones meet.
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The muscular system is responsible for
maintaining posture and allowing for
movement.
The muscular system consists of the 600+
muscles in the bodies and tendons.
Muscles are divided into two main groups
voluntary and involuntary muscles.
Voluntary muscles are muscles that you can
control for example arm and leg muscles.
Involuntary muscles are muscles you can’t
control such as digestive muscles.
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Smooth Muscle: Is an involuntary muscle
found in many internal organs like the
stomach.
Skeletal Muscle: Are voluntary muscles that
are attached to bones for example leg and
arm muscles.
Cardiac Muscle: Specialized heart muscles
that are capable of withstanding contractions
generated by the nerve stimulation.
Tendon: Connects Bones to Muscles.
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The endocrine system is responsible for
creating and releasing hormones. Hormones
control and regulate body functions such as
puberty by carrying the message to particular
body areas.
The endocrine systems consists of glands.
Glands: Pituitary, Thyroid, Parathyroid,
Pancreas, Adrenal, Reproductive
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Pituitary: Influences growth, metabolism, and
reproductive systems. It’s located in the
brain.
Thyroid: Produces thyroxin hormone that
regulates metabolism and calcium balance in
bones. It’s located in the throat area.
Parathyroid: Helps the thyroid gland control
calcium and phosphorus build up. It’s located
on the thyroid gland there are four of them.
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Pancreas: Produces digestive enzymes and
insulin. These enzymes aid in the digestion
process by acting as a catalyst to speed up
digestion. Insulin hormone regulates blood
sugar.
Adrenal: Prepares the body to react in a time
of stress and or emergency. It releases the
hormone adrenaline.
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The digestive system is responsible for
breaking down food into nutrients that can be
used the body. The digestive system allows
nutrients to be absorbed by cells and waste
to be removed
The digestive system consists of mouth,
esophagus, stomach, intestines, and
pancreas.
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Once food is consumed via the mouth it
starts to get broken down via saliva. From
the mouth food enters the esophagus which
connects the mouth to the stomach.
Peristalsis is involuntary muscle contractions
that move the food through the esophagus.
Once food is in the stomach juices and acids
create chyme to break down the food. After
about 4 hours of mulling in the stomach food
gets passed to the small intestine.
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The small intestine is where most digestion
occurs and the most nutrients is received via
absorption. While food is in the small
intestine the liver releases bile that is stored
in the gallbladder. The bile helps break down
fat and toxins. The pancreas will also release
enzymes into the small intestine to break
down starches and proteins. Food will move
from the small intestines into the large
intestines.
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Food that enters the large intestine means
that is wasn’t digested fully and needs to be
eliminated from the body. Once the large
intestine fills in passes waste into the rectum
to be released through the anus.
Mouth---->Esophagus---->Stomach--->Small Intestine----> Large Intestine---->
Rectum
Remember Fiber helps digestion occur easily
in the intestines.
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The integumentary system is responsible for
protecting the body and allowing for survival
functions.
The integumentary system consists of the
skin, and hair/nail glands.
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Skin is the largest organ in the body. Skin
receives it’s color from Melanin Pigment.
Skin had two layers epidermis and dermis.
The epidermis is the outer skin layer. The
skin cells are constantly shedding. The
dermis are inner skin cells that cover organs
and create new epidermis skin cells.
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Nails are made up of dead cells and keratin a
protein that provide protection to nerves.
Our nerves allow our fingers to perform fine
motor skills such as tying shoes.
Hair is responsible for protecting the body
from sun rays and regulating body
temperature. An adult will have up to
200,000 hairs.
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The urinary system is responsible for removing liquid
wastes from the body and maintaining water balance.
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The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters,
bladders, and urethra.
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The kidneys filter blood and urine excreting waste.
The ureters are tube like structures that connect the
kidneys to the urinary bladder. The urinary bladder
stores urine. During urination the urethra a tube like
structure is filled with urine. It connects to the
bladder and leads urine outside the body.