Transcript Chapter 2: Vocabulary and Notes

To function properly, living things
need the nutrients found in food.
The digestive system breaks down
food to release these nutrients.
1. bloodA system of fluid
and cells that
carries nutrients
and oxygen to
cells in the body
2. Digestive
system The major organ
system that
breaks down
food into
nutrients that
the body’s cells
can use
3. esophagusA muscular tube
that pushes food
toward the
stomach
4. Large
intestineThe organ where
water and
minerals from
food are
removed and
absorbed into
the blood
5. Small
intestineThe long, coiled
organ where
most digestion
takes place
6. stomachA muscular
organ that mixes
and stores food
and continues
the process of
digestion
1. 4 main kinds of nutrients:
a) carbohydrates- main energy source (ex:
potatoes)
b) proteins- helps replace, repair, and grow cell
tissue (ex: beans and meat)
c) Vitamins and minerals- helps nerves work (ex:
fruits and vegetables)
d) fats- provide energy; keep skin healthy; cushion
organs (ex: butter and oil)
2. Digestion is the process of breaking down
food.
3. The stomach is a muscular organ that
squeezes food and mixes it with digestive
juices.
4. Food leaves the stomach, then enters the
small intestine, which is where most digestion
takes place.
5. In the small intestine, liquids from the
pancreas and liver help to digest fats and
carbohydrates.
6. The large intestine is where water and
minerals from food are removed and stored
in the blood.
1. arteryA blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart
2. capillaryA tiny blood vessel that connects
arteries and veins
3. Circulatory
systemOrgans that
transport
oxygen,
nutrients, water,
and wastes
4. heartA muscular
pump that
pushes blood
through the
blood vessels
5. Respiratory
systemOrgans that
work together to
take air into the
body and push it
back out
6. veinA blood vessel that carries blood to
the heart
1. You take air in your nose and mouth when
you inhale (breathe in). The air moves to the
trachea, then to the lungs(main organs of
respiratory system).
2. Red Blood Cells (RBCs) pick up oxygen at the
alveoli (air sacs) in the lungs.
3. The diaphragm is a dome-shaped muscle that
helps you breathe.
4. The heart is a muscular pump that works all the
time. It pushes the blood through the blood
vessels (arteries, capillaries, veins).
5. An artery is a blood vessel that carries blood
away from the heart to the capillaries.
6. A vein carries blood back to the heart.
7. Blood carries oxygen to the cells and takes away
carbon dioxide.
8. 3 Types of blood cells:
•
•
•
Platelets- help heal injuries by forming blood clots
Red Blood Cells- carry oxygen
White blood cells- help body fight disease
9. The heart has 4 chambers
(sections). The 2 upper
chambers receive blood
from the veins and are the
left and right atrium.
10. Oxygen-poor blood enters
the heart in the right
atrium. It is coming from
the body.
11. Ventricles (left and right)
pump blood out of the
heart into the arteries.
1. muscular systemBody system made of muscle that
makes body parts move
2. skeletal systemBody system that gives the body its shape,
protects organs inside the body, and works
with the muscles to move the body
3. cartilageA flexible material that is softer than
bone and cushions bones where they
meet
4. ligamentConnect bones to cartilage and
holds the joint together
5. jointsWhere bones come together
Hinge Joint
Ball-and-Socket joint
Pivot Joint
6. Skeletal muscleVoluntary muscles that moves your
bones by pulling on the bone it is
attached to, but cannot push
7. Cardiac muscleInvoluntary muscle found only
in the heart
8. Smooth muscleInvoluntary muscle found in
blood vessels and other organs
1. Cartilage is a flexible material that cushions
most bones and is softer than bone.
2. Your spine (backbone) is a column of small
bones that runs down your back to keep it
straight.
3. Your ribs form a cage of curved bones that
protect your heart, lungs, and other organs.
4. Ligaments connect bones to cartilage.
5. The human skeleton has 206 bones.
6. Some joints work like hinges, which allow
bones to move back and forth. (ex: knee)
7. Skeletal muscles work in pairs. They can only pull
on the bone they are attached to. They cannot
push.
8. The muscles in the upper part of your arm are
biceps and triceps.
9.The muscles in the upper part of your leg are
quadriceps and hamstrings.
10.The muscle in the lower part of your leg is the
calf.