Transcript Topic 1.2.3 - Loreto High School

Respiratory System


Develop knowledge and understanding of the
function of the respiratory system.
Understand the different parts of the respiratory
system and the important parts they play.
Grade your Knowledge
C – Know the key function and main parts of the respiratory system
B – Understand the roles of each part of the respiratory system.
A – Can explain the route of oxygen from when it enters the body to
when it enters the blood stream.
Explain the route oxygen must take before entering the blood
stream?


The main function of the respiratory system
is to bring oxygen into the body and remove
carbon dioxide.
This allows respiration to take place.
TASK
 Using the textbooks label the diagram at the
bottom of page 3 in your booklet.
Air Passages
 The air passages create a pathway for the air
to get to the lungs.
 Hairs and mucus in the nose help filter the
air. This basically stops larger particles of
dust and pollen getting into the lungs.
Muscles
 The intercostal muscles and diaphragm are
both muscles that allow us to breathe in and
out.
 The diaphragm is the thick sheet of muscles
located below the lungs and the intercostal
muscles are situated in between the ribs.
 They allow the chest cavity to increase and
decrease in size.
Alveoli
 These are small air sacs found in the lungs.
Humans have on average 600 million alveoli
in their lungs (300 million per lung).
 This is were gaseous exchange takes place
within the respiratory system.
 Oxygen enters the blood stream to be sent to
the heart.
 Carbon dioxide replaces the oxygen
(exchanged) in the alveoli so that it can be
removed from the body.
1)
2)
Complete the sentences on page 5 using
the words at the top of the page.
Complete the exam style questions on page
6 of your booklet.

In your own words, explain the path oxygen
takes when entering the body and the path
carbon dioxide takes when it leaves?
PAGE 7 OF YOUR BOOKLET.


Develop knowledge and understanding of how we
inhale and exhale air.
Understand the process of GASEOUS EXCHANGE in
the alveoli.
Grade your Knowledge
C – Understand the basics of breathing in and out.
B – Understand now the diaphragm and intercostal muscles are used to
alter the size of the chest cavity. Understand the key features of the
alveoli.
A – In detail explain how we get oxygen into our body.
What happens to the chest cavity when we breathe in / out and
how does this occur?


Looking back at last weeks work label the
diagram on page 8 of your booklets.
What are the key roles the respiratory system
plays in everyday life?

Using the yellow text book (page 44) describe
how we inhale and exhale air on page 9 and
10 within your booklets.
1)
2)
3)
Oxygen enters the Alveoli as we breathe in.
Deoxygenated blood is brought from the
right side of the heart to the lungs. It passes
through small capillaries which surround
each ALVEOLI.
Carbon dioxide is given up by the blood and
passes into the Alveoli.
4) Oxygen diffuses into the blood stream
through the alveoli and capillary walls. This
creates oxygenated blood.
5) Oxygenated blood is then send to the left
side of the heart, which then sends it around
the body to our cells / working muscles.
6) We breathe out, removing the carbon
dioxide from the body.

Alveoli walls are only one cell thick and are
very moist.
They are very tiny, however their any millions
within the lungs
Covered with capillaries.

HOW DO THESE BENEFIT GASEOUS EXCHANGE?





Easy for oxygen / carbon dioxide to pass through their thin
and moist walls.
They create a larger surface area allowing for more places for
gaseous exchange.
Constant supply of blood flowing to each alveoli.
RECAP
At the bottom of page 12 explain where else
GASEOUS EXCHANGE takes place within the
body?
In detail explain:
1) How we get oxygen into the body

 How do we inhale?
 What is the path of oxygen before it gets to our lungs?
 What happens in the lungs?
2) How we get carbon dioxide out
 What happens in the lungs?
 What then happens to force the waste produce out?
 What is its path?
THE QUESTION WILL BE MARKED OUT OF ‘6’
1)
2)
Complete the extended writing question on
page 13 of your booklet.
Answer the questions on page 14 of your
booklet.



Re-cap Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration.
Understand the key facts.
Relate this to a variety of sports.
Grade you Learning
C = Understand the basics of both aerobic and anaerobic respiration.
B = Understand the key facts that relate to both types of respiration.
A = Can link both types of respiration to sporting activities and explain why they are being
used.
A rugby player creates energy both aerobically and anaerobically
during a match. Explain when they would use each type of respiration,
giving a reason for your answer?

Using the information gained last lesson
explain the diagram on page 15 of your
booklet.
What is it?
Is when the cells of the human body use glucose and
oxygen to create energy.





Oxygen and Glucose – These are both brought to the to the
respiring cells by the bloodstream. They combine to produce
energy.
Carbon Dioxide – This is the waste product that is produced
when oxygen and glucose compline to create energy. It is
passed into the blood stream and taken to the lungs and
removed when we breathe out.
Water – This is again a waste produce that is produced while
creating energy aerobically. It passes into the blood stream
and is lost as sweat, moist breathe and urine.
Energy – This is used for muscle contraction, metabolism and
maintaining temperature.



Very effective method of producing energy. Can
produce 20 times more energy than anaerobic
respiration.
Accounts for our energy production up to about
60% of our maximum effort levels.
However the process is slow and gradual, much
slower than anaerobic.
Task: With the person next to you complete the
questions on page 17.
What is it?
Is when the cells of the human body use glucose to
create energy without the presence of oxygen.



ATP / CP – The demand of the muscles for oxygen is so great
that the heart does not have time to supply the demand. The
energy is provided instead by ADENOSINE TRIPHOSHATE (ATP)
and CREATINE PHOSPHATE (CP). ATP and CP can only supply
energy for a short time so if the demand for energy continues
for over a minute then the body uses carbohydrates to create
energy.
Lactic Acid / Oxygen Debt – Due to the absence of oxygen
the carbohydrates (glucose) can only be partly broken down.
This means LACTIC ACID is produced along with a smaller
amount of energy. The build up of lactic acid causes fatigue
and results in OXYGEN DEBT, a state in which the body needs
more oxygen than it can provide.




This is not an efficient process as it produces
1/20th as much energy as aerobic respiration.
However the process is three times as quick so
energy can be produced for high intensity
(explosive) activities performed over a short period
of time.
After a short period of time performance drops as
lactic acid builds up, resulting in oxygen debt.
Task: Again with the person next to you complete
the questions on page 19.

All games use a combination of aerobic and
anaerobic respiration. Explain how a
performer of the sports on page 20 would
use both types of respiration?



Understand terminology used when measuring
RESPIRATION.
Develop knowledge and understanding of the
short term effects of exercise on the respiratory
system.
Understand how lifestyle choices effect our
respiratory system
Grade you Learning
C = Understand how we measure how effective our respiratory system is.
B = Understand the short term effects of exercise on respiratory system.
A = Can link the short term effects to lifestyles.
Using the correct terminology explain the differences in the short term
effects between a healthy rugby player and a rugby player who smokes
regularly?

Complete page 21 in your booklet recapping
the information looked at last lesson on
Aerobic / Anaerobic Respiration.

Tidal Volume: The volume of air inhaled or exhaled at each
breath.

Respiratory Rate: The number of breathes taken per minute.

Minute Volume: The volume of air inhaled or exhaled per
minute
What would the equation be?


Vital Capacity: The maximum amount of air you can breathe
out after breathing in the maximum amount you can.
VO2 Max: The maximum amount of oxygen your body can
make use of in one minute. The fitter you are, the more
alveoli you have available which results in a higher oxygen
intake.
Tidal Volume:
What do you think happens to this?
How do you know this?
Why is this needed?

Respiratory Rate:
What happens to this?
Why is this needed?

Minute Volume:
What happens to this?
How do you know?

During Anaerobic Exercise ‘Oxygen Debt’
Occurs:
 What do you have to do?
 When is the debt repaid?
 What do your lungs continue to do?
 Why do they do this?

Using page 176 of the textbook, explain how
DIET, SMOKING and ALCOHOL effects the
respiratory system (booklet page 24).

Using the internet research the medical
conditions on page 25 of your booklet.
Homework
Complete the PAST EXAM questions on page 26 + 27
of your booklet.


Understand the long term effects of exercise
on the respiratory system.
Understand the benefits of these for a sports
performer.
Grade you Learning
C = Know the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
B = Understand the long term effects of exercise on the respiratory system.
A = Explain the benefits these effects have on an athletes performance.

Using your booklet complete the starter on
page 28 of your booklet.

Diaphragm and Intercostal Muscles:
They both get stronger due to the continued work they do
during exercise.

Tidal Volume:
This will increase as the diaphragm and intercostal muscles
contract stronger allowing the lungs to expand more.

Alveoli:
Due to the lungs expanding more, more alveoli can then be
used. This allows gaseous exchange to increase allowing more
oxygen in and more carbon dioxide out with each breath.
Vital Capacity
Due to the lungs being able to expand more, more air can be
brought in and out of the body in a single breathe.
Respiratory Rate During Exercise and Rest
A performers respiratory rate during both exercise and rest will be
lower than it previous was. However obviously during exercise it
will still increase BUT not as much as before.
Blood Supply
More capillaries form around the alveoli. This means that more
blood can be taken to each alveoli resulting in more oxygen being
able to get into the body with each breath.
Paul and Mark are both 21 and have decided to run in the local 10K charity run
at the weekend. Paul exercises on a regular basis, however Mark smokes and
does not exercise any more since leaving school. Explain how and why their
respiratory systems will perform differently during the run.
THINK ABOUT
1)
How will Paul’s respiratory system be different to Mark’s.
2)
What else will effect Mark?
3)
How will both of these effect their performance in the 10K run.

Attempt the exam style questions on pages
31 + 32 of your booklet.
HOMEWORK
Revise for your topic test on the respiratory system next week.
REMEMBER the three tests you could have are on ‘MOODLE’ so
use them to help you revise.