Transcript Why Do We Breath?

WHY DO WE BREATH?
The physiology of the cardiovascular, muscular, and respiratory
systems
DAY 1 – HOMEOSTASIS AND THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Before we can discuss breathing, we have to
understand how our nervous system works
 Key vocabulary:

 Homeostasis
 Feedback

loops
Take notes of the following….
NOTES: HOMEOSTASIS
“Keeping things in balance”
DEFINITION
Homeostasis is: A process by which organisms
keep internal conditions relatively constant
 A feedback loop is when the amount of product
of a reaction controls how fast (or slow) the
reaction goes.

http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CLv3SkF_Eag
(~6 minutes)
 Example of positive feedback (I love Lucy)
 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0YGF5R9i53A

FEEDBACK LOOP
Our body utilizes negative feedback loops most
often.
 This is when the amount of product of a reaction
controls how fast (or slow) the reaction goes.
 In negative feedback, a change makes something
happen so things go back in balance.


An example of a feedback loop would be:
Body Temperature
too cold = shiver
too hode = sweat
IN OTHER WORDS….
Negative feedback loops are like a
thermostat in your house.
 The temperature inside the house drops
below the set temperature, then the
thermostat turns on the furnace (heat).
 If house temperature is too hot, then the a.c.
is activated (cool).

WHAT WE NEED TO KEEP THE SAME IN
OUR BODY:
Temperature (98.6 F)
 Blood pH (7.4) almost neutral
 Blood pressure (average 120/80)
 Heart rate (80 beats per minute)
 Blood sugar level
 Hydration/amount of water
 Amount of salts
 Amount of blood (2 pints per every 25 lbs)
 Breathing (respiratory rate)


Each system of the body contributes some
aspect to maintaining homeostasis (stable
internal balance)
NERVOUS SYSTEM
The nervous system is more than “the brain
controls everything”!
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Central Nervous System
 Brain
and spinal cord: The brain is like your
body’s central computer and the spinal cord is
the network that the nervous system uses to
send messages to and from the body.

Peripheral Nervous System
 All
the nerves and neurons throughout the body:
Sensory neurons (cells) send signals to the brain
and then the brain instructs motor neurons to
move/react.
SUBSETS OF THE PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM
Somatic Nervous System: all of the muscles we
can control ….ie…moving, walking, talking
 Autonomic Nervous System: all of the things
we cannot control. Subdivided into the:

 Sympathetic
– responds to stress and danger.
“Fight or Flight” response…release of adrenaline
 Parasympathetic – “rest and digest” response
(when things are good). Controls heart rate,
breathing, and digestion.
NERVOUS SYSTEM

Hypothalamus - controls body temperature with
the following feedback loop:
 If
too low, causes shivering of muscles and reduced
blood flow (blue skin) to create heat
 If too hot, causes sweating and increased blood
flow (red skin) to get rid of heat

Brain Stem - Controls heart rate with the
following feedback loop:
 If
too low, increases nerve impulses to make heart
beat faster
 If too high, decreases nerve impulses to keep the
heart rate at 80 beats per minute
DISEASES/AFFLICTIONS OF THE NERVOUS
SYSTEM
Stroke
 Aneurism
 Brain Cancer
 Depression
 Bipolar disorder
 headaches

FOR THE REMAINDER OF CLASS….
P900 #1-5
 Label and color the parts of the nervous system
on the back of your notes.

DAY 2: REFLEXES LAB

Opener: Stand on one foot while I stamp your
nervous system coloring.
 Why
did I make you stand on one foot? (ie..how
does this relate to our notes from last time?) Use
the following two vocabulary words in your answer:
HOMEOSTASIS and FEEDBACK LOOPS.

Lab: Reflexes
DAY 3: DOODLE SHEET PART A-F

Measuring Heart Rate
RESTING HEART RATE
As a class lets take our resting heart rate!
 Count for 20 seconds.
 Multiply by 3 to get beats per minute.
 Record in Doodle A.

COLLECT DATA
Exercise vigorously for two minutes, then without sitting down, take
your heart rate. (have a partner watch the time for you while you
count!)
After resting for 5 minutes, take your heart rate again.
Record your data in the Class Data Table.
Heart Rate (beats per minute)
Resting
Immediately After Exercise
5 Minutes After Exercise
CLASS DATA
Student
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
Resting
After Exercise
After Rest
WHAT PATTERNS DO YOU SEE IN THE
CLASS DATA?


This is a place to write your thoughts…not your neighbor’s thoughts or
the class thoughts.
 It makes your thinking visible to the teacher…and it is easier to
share when called upon.
Share your ideas with your group
 This is our phenomena!
Doodle B
•I notice that after exercise, heart
rates _________________.
•Then, after resting for five minutes,
the heart rates ____________.
.
WHAT QUESTIONS COULD YOU ASK ABOUT THE
PATTERNS SEEN IN THE CLASS DATA?
Doodle C
•I wonder why ________________.
.
Driving Question: (when we are done, you will have to answer this..which question do
you prefer?)
.
DAY 4: DOODLE SHEET PART D + NOTES

What does the heart do?
Doodle D
(Brainstorm your ideas here)
The purpose of the heart is __________.
.
FINISH DOODLE SHEET

Where is the heart pumping blood to?
Doodle E
•The ultimate destination of the blood is
_______________________.
WHY DO THE CELLS NEED BLOOD?
Doodle F
•The cells need blood
because ______________________.
.
The equation for Cellular Respiration is:
.
________________________________
Day 4
WHICH OF THESE MATERIALS WOULD A CELL
NEED MORE OF DURING EXERCISE?
Doodle G
•The cells would need more of____________ .
•They need this
because____________________.
•During exercise, cells would run out of
_______ faster because __________.
.
WHY DOES THE HEART PUMP FASTER DURING
EXERCISE?
Doodle H
The heart pumps
faster during exercise
because ___________
HOW DOES YOUR HEART KNOW THAT IT
NEEDS TO SPEED UP OR SLOW DOWN?
Doodle I
Diagram where the information to speed up
or slow down your heart rate comes from
and where it has to go to by using arrows on
your doodle sheet.
 You can add any words or structures that you
think may be involved in addition to what is
shown on the Doodle Sheet.

CIRCULATORY/
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Besides controlling blood pressure and moving blood throughout
the body it……
CIRCULATORY/CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
The main function of the circulatory system is
to provide nutrients and oxygen to the various
parts of the body, via the blood, which is
circulated through the veins and arteries, like a
giant transportation system.
 Arteries carry the oxygenated blood from the
heart to the cells and tissues, whereas veins
return the oxygen-depleted blood from the cells
to the heart.

THE TWO FORMS OF CIRCULATION

In systemic circulation, arteries collect the
oxygen-rich blood from the heart and is
transported to the body tissues. In the process,
oxygen from the blood is diffused into the body
cells; whereas carbon dioxide from the cells is
diffused in the blood. This exchange of gases
takes place with the help of capillaries that
surround the body cells

The pulmonary circulation is a loop from the
heart to the lungs. It is that portion, where
deoxygenated blood from the heart is carried to
the lungs and in turn, returns oxygenated blood
to the heart.
The circulatory system works with the
respiratory system and digestive system to
supply oxygen and nutrients to the body.
 Blood carries the messenger chemicals hormones, secreted by the organs of the
endocrine system. Thus, the circulatory system
is also responsible for circulating hormones for
proper communication between the body
organs.

CIRCULATORY/CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM

Capillaries (smallest of blood vessels) - Controls
flow of oxygen to cells and carbon dioxide from
cells using the following feedback loop:
 If
oxygen too low, gases flow from areas of high
concentration (capillaries)to low concentration
(cells) to maintain levels
 If too high, the opposite happens, gases flow from
areas of high concentration (cells) to low
concentration (capillaries).
DISEASES/AFFLICTION OF THE
CARDIOVASCULAR/CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
HMWK: Color and label
the circulatory system
diagram on the back of
your notes!!
Heart attack
 High blood pressure
 Hemophilia
 Stroke
 Sepsis (infection)
 Bruises/contusions (hickey)

DAY 5: READING AND SUMMARY SHEET

Reading: Control Of Heart Rate
 Paired
1.
2.
3.
4.
Reading:
Person on the left is partner A and the other is partner B.
Partner A reads the first paragraph out loud, partner B
listens, then gives a summary statement or the main
point of the paragraph.
Both partners write down the main idea on their reading
guide.
Switch roles and continue until the reading is complete
 Text Mining: Go back to the reading and look for key concepts and fill
in the graphic organizer.
4
structures involved
 2 types of messages
 1 environmental change the article is focusing on
 1 body response to the environmental change.
DAY 6: CONTROL OF HEART RATE CARD SORT
On your white board use the cards to create a
map of the flow of information that will help you
answer our driving question.
 Start with the muscle cells
 Use arrows to show the direction
information is flowing.
 To help you have out your

 Doodle
Sheet
 Reading: Control Of Heart Rate
 Summary Sheet: Control Of
Heart Rate
ASSESSMENT

Draw the diagram you and your group
mapped out and your teacher approved on
the paper provided.
DAY 7: MUSCLE/BRAIN FEEDBACK DIAGRAM
The Feedback Diagram Handout gives general
terms for the important components of
feedback loops.
 On your handout, note below each term which
specific component, of the heart rate feedback
loop you just described, plays that role.

Feedback Diagrams
Name _______________________
PROCESSOR
medulla
Brain
INPUT MESSAGE
OUTPUT MESSAGE
Nerve impulse
SENSOR
Blood vessel receptor
Chemical-(Epinephrine)
Exercise
Increase in heart rate
Muscle
Cells
TRIGGER
RESPONSE
Decrease in CO2
SENSOR
Blood vessel receptor
Decrease in heart rate
Sit
Down
INPUT MESSAGE
Nerve Impulse
Heart
RESPONSE
TRIGGER
Increase
in CO2
EFFECTOR
EFFECTOR
Heart
OUTPUT MESSAGE
Brain
Medulla
PROCESSOR
Chemical-(Acetylcholine)
MODEL SHEET
Why does your heart rate go up after exercise and then go
back down after resting?
Our heart rate goes up when we exercise and goes down when we rest
Evidence: Doodle sheet part A
Muscles are cells that need oxygen and food to create energy through
cellular respiration
Evidence: Doodle sheet part D-G
Cells need more energy during exercise so need more oxygen (input)
Evidence: Doodle sheet part H
The heart and cardiovascular system provide a path for the inputs and
outputs needed by cells for cellular respiration
Evidence: cardiovascular notes
There is a complex system of feedback loops that allow the brain, muscles,
and heart to communicate.
Evidence: nervous system notes and reading
All feedback loops consist of an sensor , receptor, processor, effector, and
response.
Evidence: Feedback loop visual and handout
DAY 8: FRIENDLY TALK….(ESSAY…
SHHHH!
)
 Billy
Bob just ran around the track 2 times and his heart
is beating real fast. He says it is because his brain is
telling his body he needs more O2
 Gilbert says that it is because his body needs to get rid
of the CO2 his cells are producing during exercise and
has nothing to do with the brain.
 Who do you agree with and why?
 Be
sure to cite evidence from your notebook p23-31, include
key vocabulary
Cellular respiration
Inputs and outputs
Feedback loops
 Extra
heart
muscles
brain
Nerve Impulse
Chemical Signal
Heart rate
credit: What is the difference between a reflex and
voluntary movement?
TICKET OUT THE DOOR

Explain why your heart rate decreases after
exercising.