Transcript Respiration Powerpoint - School

28/03/2017
Respiration
W Richards
Worthing High School
Please note – the animation effects used in the “Circulation” slide only work in PowerPoint XP
What type of fuel is required by the body?
The body changes food into a form which can be
carried around the body. This substance is called
GLUCOSE.
Glucose contains energy.
When glucose
reacts with oxygen
a LOT of energy is
produced. Some of
this energy is
released as heat
while the rest is
used by the cells.
The cells do NOT catch
fire.
What is respiration?
RESPIRATION is the process which releases energy from
food. This is NOT the same as breathing.
We can now write out the full equation for
RESPIRATION.
FOOD
(GLUCOSE)
from
digestive
system
+
OXYGEN
CARBON
DIOXIDE
from
breathing
system
waste
product
exhaled
+
WATER
waste
product
exhaled
+ ENERGY
USEFUL!
Combustion is different because it is NOT a
controlled reaction. Respiration IS a controlled
reaction which SLOWLY releases energy from food
in the CELLS.
Aerobic Respiration
When the body can supply the cells with the
oxygen and food that they need, We say it is
performing AEROBIC respiration. The equation
for this is:
Glucose + oxygen
Carbon dioxide + water + ENERGY
Anaerobic Respiration
When the body CANNOT supply the cells with the
oxygen and food that they need, then the body must
perform anaerobic respiration. The release of energy
WITHOUT oxygen:
Glucose
energy
Lactic acid + a little
Respiration
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A while ago we learnt about ___ ______. Each of these
life processes needs ENERGY. ___________ is the
process our bodies use to produce this energy:
Glucose + oxygen
water + carbon dioxide + ENERGY
The glucose we need comes from ______ and the oxygen
from _________. Water and carbon dioxide are breathed
out. The MAIN product of this equation is _________.
Words – breathing, energy, Mrs Gren, respiration, food
How does oxygen get into our body?
The body separates the process of breathing
in and breathing out.
Breathing in is one process and is known as
inhalation . When we inhale we breathe in air,
taking oxygen with it into our lungs.
Breathing out is a separate process and is
known as exhalation . When we exhale we
breathe out the contents of our lungs,
pushing out waste gases like carbon dioxide
Inhalation
(When we breathe in we inhale)
Exhalation
(When we breathe out we exhale)
Comparing inhaled and exhaled air
What are the big differences between inhaled and exhaled
air?
How could you test for these?
Inhaled Air
Nitrogen (78%)
Oxygen (20.71%)
Carbon Dioxide (0.1%)
Other
Exhaled Air
Nitrogen (75.5%)
Oxygen (14.6%)
Carbon Dioxide (4%)
Other
There is another difference…… …… water vapour.
The Respiratory System
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Ribs – to protect
the chest
Alveoli (“air sacs”)
– gas exchange
takes place here
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Trachea – has stiff
rings of cartilage to
prevent it collapsing
Rib muscles –
to raise and
lower the ribs
Lung
Diaphragm –
muscular
sheet
Gas exchange
Alveoli are very good at exchanging gases because…
1) They have a LARGE surface area
2) They have a good blood supply
3) They are moist
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The Alveoli
Oxygen makes its way into thousands of special
air sacs collectively called the ALVEOLI.
The outside of the alveoli is covered with tiny
blood vessels.
The Alveolus
One of these alveoli is called the ALVEOLUS.
This is where the oxygen is transferred into the
blood and carbon dioxide moves out of the blood.
If all these
alveoli
flattened and
spread out onto
the floor, they
would cover an
area the size
of a tennis
court!
Not enough oxygen
When anaerobic respiration takes place, the lactic acid
soaks the muscle cells and prevents the muscle cell from
doing its job. This causes fatigue and/or cramp.
After the activity has
been completed people
pant and breathe heavily.
This happens because
oxygen is required to get
rid of the build up of
lactic acid.
The Heart
The heart is made of very
special muscle, CARDIAC
muscle. It must keep beating
all the time for the rest of a
persons life! If you tried to do
the same action repeatedly
(like the heart) your muscles
would get tired and, after a
while, they would stop working.
For example if you clench and
unclench your hand
continuously, it will get tired,
and may even start to cramp.
The blood system
This is the
system which
carries the
dissolved food
and oxygen
around the
body. This
includes the
heart and the
lungs.
Blood cells provide oxygen and the plasma in the
blood carries dissolved food to ALL the cells in
the body.
Different types of activity
What happens to the man’s pulse
rate when running?
The pulse is faster:
• Blood is pumped around the
body faster.
• Oxygen and glucose reach
muscle cells more quickly.
• Energy is used up faster.
While sleeping
• Blood is pumped around the
body more slowly.
• Oxygen and glucose reach body
cells more slowly.
• Energy is used up at a slower
rate.
Circulation
1) Blood gets pumped
from the heart to the
lungs and picks up oxygen
5) After the oxygen and
glucose have been removed
for respiration the blood is
sent back to the heart and
starts again
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2) The blood is then
taken back to the
heart…
3) The heart pumps
the blood to the
intestine (where
oxygen and glucose
are removed)…
4) … and to the rest of
the body (where oxygen
is removed)