Transcript Chapter 31 Review

Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
Charles Page High School
Dr. Stephen L. Cotton
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
A vertebrate
that has moist skin
with glands, but lacks scales and
claws is a(n) amphibian
If an amphibian still has a tail
after it undergoes the process of
metamorphosis, it is probably a
salamander
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 As
adults, both frogs and toads have
hind legs adapted for jumping
 To breathe, adult amphibians (unlike
the larvae) use their lungs
 In the circulatory system of adult
amphibians, the first loop carries
what oxygen-content of blood, and
to what location? Oxygen-poor to
the lungs
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
Fishes
are characterized by
each of the following except: a
bony skeleton; scales; fins;
pharyngeal gills
Describe the first fishes
according to their body covering
and jaws. Covered with bony
plates and jawless
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 The
pectoral fins of fishes evolved into
what structure in terrestrial animals?
forelimbs
 What is the largest known fish? White
shark
 Discuss some of the extraordinary
feeding adaptations of fish. Lighted
lures, shoots down insects with water,
long snout with teeth, teeth fused to
short beak
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 In
fishes, blood from the muscles and
organs collects in the sinus venosus
 Give some examples of the jawless
fishes. Lampreys and hagfish
 How do skates and rays move? Wing-like
pectoral fins
 Why are coelacanths important in
evolutionary history? Nearest land
ancestor
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 Adult
amphibians are vertebrates,
but do they lay eggs with a shell on
them? no
 Huge amphibians became so
numerous 345 to 285 million years
ago that the term “Age of
Amphibians” is often applied to this
period named carboniferous Period.
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 How
do tadpoles, salamander
larvae, and a few adult salamanders
get rid of excess carbon dioxide?
through their skin
 The heart of a tadpole has how
many chambers? two
 In vertebrates, what are the tubes
that carry urine from the kidneys?
ureters
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 In
an amphibian, what does the
nictitating membrane cover? eye
 In a frog, blood returning from the
legs collects in the vena cava
 The red eft is a stage of
development of the crimsonspotted newt
 The circulatory system of a fish is
called a singe-loop.
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 If
a fish is cartilaginous and has
jaws, it is classified in the class
chondrichthyes
 The kidneys of a freshwater fish
pump out much dilute urine.
 Salmon can distinguish between
the odor of their home stream and
others by using their
chemorecepters
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
 Give
an example of an oviparous fish
that cares for their young. Siamese
fighting fist, sticklebacks, cichlids and
catfish, male seahorse
 The heyday of the amphibians ended
because climate change
 How do adult amphibians typically get
their food? carnivores
 What part of the frog and toad brain
coordinates jumping? cerebellum
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
Were
the first fishes armored
with jaws? No, jawless
How many species of living lobefinned fishes are there today?
two
The feeding adaptation in fish
that revolutionized vertebrate
evolution was the jaw
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
During
the Ordovician and
Silurian Periods, jawless fishes
underwent a major adaptive
radiation.
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
In
moist woods, look under logs
and rocks to find toads.
Fishes in which embryos are
nourished directly inside the
body are called viviparous
Because of their external
fertilization, frogs must be
oviparous
Chapter 31 Review
Fishes and Amphibians
A fish
in which the teeth are
constantly replaced throughout
life is the shark
The armored jawless fishes were
ultimately an evolutionary dead
end.