Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
Section 37-3
Respiration
 Process of gas exchange
 The release of carbon dioxide and the
 Uptake of oxygen between the lungs and the environment
Function
To exchange oxygen & carbon
dioxide between the blood, the air,
and tissues
Structures
 Nose &
mouth
 Pharynx
 Larynx
 Epiglottis
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 lungs
Flowchart
Movement of Oxygen and Carbon
Dioxide In and Out of the
Respiratory System
Section 37-3
Oxygen-rich
air from
environment
Bronchi
Trachea
Nasal
cavities
Pharynx
Trachea
Bronchi
Bronchioles
Oxygen and
carbon dioxide
exchange at
alveoli
Alveoli
Bronchioles
Pharynx
Nasal
cavities
Carbon
dioxide-rich
air to the
environment
Cilia & Mucus
 To keep lung tissue healthy, air entering the body must be
warmed, moistened, & filtered
 Mucus – moistens air & traps particles of dust and/or
smoke
 Cilia – sweeps trapped particles & mucus away from lungs
& pharynx
 Mucus & tapped particles are either swallowed or spit out
 This process keeps the lungs clean & open for gas exchange
Hemoglobin
 Oxygen-carrying protein in blood
 When blood goes into the lungs, the hemoglobin picks up
oxygen and carries it to all the tissues in our body
 It binds with so much oxygen that it increases the oxygencarrying capacity of blood more than 60 times
Breathing – movement of air into & out of lungs
- no muscles connected to lungs
- air pressure drives air into & out of lungs
Air
exhaled
Air
inhaled
Rib cage
descends
Rib cage
rises
Diaphragm
Diaphragm
Inhalation
Exhalation
How Breathing is Controlled
 Only have partial control over breathing
 Medulla Oblongata controls breathing
 Autonomic nerves are connected to diaphragm & chest
muscles
 They automatically stimulate them to contract to allow
for breathing
 Medulla Oblongata monitor CO2 levels
- when levels get high – send message to
breath