Transcript HumanBodySystems

What are the levels of organization
in the human body?
Respiratory System
Function:
 Breathing brings air into the lungs and
removes waste gases
 Cellular respiration converts oxygen and
glucose to carbon dioxide, water and energy

Diseases of respiratory system

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Lung Cancer -3rd
leading cause of death
in men and women in
the U.S.
Emphysema ( causes
aveoli to enlarge)
Asthma (lung
disorder)
The Nervous System
Receives information about what is
happening inside and outside your body
 Directs the way that your body responds to
this information
 Helps maintain homeostasis
 Has 2 divisions that work together:

– Central nervous system
– Peripheral nervous system
Central Nervous System
Control center of the body
 The brain is part of the central
nervous system that controls
most functions in the body.
 The spinal cord is the thick
column of nerves that links the
brain to most of the nerves in
the body.
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http://www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/images/ency/fullsize/19588.jpg
Peripheral Nervous System

Consists of nerves that branch out from the
central nervous system and connect it to the
rest of your body.

43 pairs of nerves in peripheral nervous
system
– One nerve in each pair goes to the left side of
the body and the other nerve goes to the right
side. Start at the spinal chord.
Organs of the circulatory
system
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Heart
Veins
Arteries
Capillaries
Heart

Made of cardiac
muscle tissue

Has 4 compartments
called chambers: two
upper are atriums, two
lower are ventricles.

Heart has arteries just
and veins just like any
other muscle
Veins
 Veins
carry
blood back to
the heart.
 Veins
valves
have
Arteries
 Carry
blood
away from your
heart
 Have thick,
elastic walls
made of tissue
and smooth
muscle
Capillaries
 Microscopic
blood vessels.
 Walls are only
one cell thick
 Nutrients and
oxygen diffuse
from body cells
into capillaries
Blood

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Carries oxygen from
lungs to body
Takes carbon dioxide
away
Carries waste products
to kidneys
Transports nutrients
Red blood cells:
transport oxygen
White: help fight
bacteria, viruses, etc
Excretory System

Gets rid of waste from
the body

Kidneys filter toxins
from the blood
Digestive System

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Esophagus connects
mouth to stomach
Stomach contains acid
to break down food
even more
The small intestine is
where nutrients from
food are absorbed into
the blood.
Large intestines
removes not absorbed
food and waste
Skeletal System

Provides shape and
support for the body

Protect organs and soft
tissues

Cartilage is located at the
end of bones to cushion
movement

Bones are connected by
joints
Muscular System

Helps move the body

Voluntary muscles:
you choose to move
them.

Involuntary: Contract
on their own, ex: heart
Muscles

3 types

Skeletal: attached to bones to help you move

Cardiac: heart, pushes blood through the body

Smooth: intestines, bladder, blood vessels, internal
organs. These contract involuntairaly.
Endocrine System

Endocrine system
produces hormones
which are that control
many of the body’s
daily activities as well
as long term changes
such as growth and
development

Metabolism is affected
by hormones, aging
and exercise.
Reproductive System

Sexual reproduction
involves the production of
eggs by the female and
sperm by the male, which
join together during
fertilization.

Each sex cell (egg or
sperm) contains half (23)
of the chromosomes
required. (46 for humans)