Transcript PowerPoint - GED Options at CCC

Unit 2: Notes
Circulatory System, Respiratory
System, and Lymphatic System
Ch 23 INTRO
pg. 6
Find this chart on your page.
Initial Resting
After Exercise
Resting 5 min
Beats in 15 sec
Beats per minute
Graph your results using the beats per
minute.
On the right side, fill in the chart with
things you already know about the four
sections (cardiovascular system, blood,
lymphatic system, and respiratory
system). Write with a pencil and you
can draw pictures if you want.
(min 4)
(min 2)
(min 4)
(min 4)
Cardiovascular system components:
Heart
Arteries
Capillaries
Veins
Heart
4 Chambers:
right atria
left atria
right ventricle
left ventricle
valves separate chambers
aorta – major artery
vena cava – major vein
pulmonary artery and vein
Animation
Youtube videos for heart and circulation
Rap
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=
q0s-1MC1hcE&feature=related
Pump Your Blood
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D8
LK34hoVpU&feature=related
Blood Vessels
3 Types of Blood Vessels:
1. Artery
2. Capillary
3. Vein
Arteries
•
Arteries Always carry blood Away from the heart
•
Thick walls to support pressure from heart pumping
•
Usually bright red due to highly oxygenated blood
•
Aorta – major artery supplying body’s blood
•
Coronary artery – supplies heart’s blood
•
Carotid artery – supplies brain’s blood
•
Pulmonary artery – supplies lung’s blood (low O2 – darker)
Veins
•
Always take blood towards the heart
•
Thinner than arteries
•
Darker color due to less oxygenated blood
•
Vena Cava – major vein returning body’s blood
•
Jugular vein – vein returning brain’s blood
•
Pulmonary vein – returning lung’s blood (high O2 – bright)
Capillaries
•
Smallest of all blood vessels – single file
•
Where the diffusion of gases and other molecules takes place
(things entering and leaving your blood)
•
No cell in your body is more than 3 or 4 cells away from a
capillary
Blood Flow
• Pulmonary Circulation – heart to lungs and back
• Systemic Circulation – heart to rest of body and back
Atherosclerosis
When cholesterol builds up in the walls of blood vessels and restricts blood
flow
Blood Pressure (hypertension) (hypotension)
Systolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles contract
Diastolic – pressure in arteries when ventricles relax
When it is too high, blood vessels can be damaged or rupture
(aneurysm). Stroke – when blood flow is cut off to brain.
Heart Attacks / Heart Failure
Heart attack - when heart muscle cells die and part of the heart is damaged.
Too many cells dying could cause the heart to stop. (cardiac arrest)
Heart failure – not enough blood being pumped to the body. Important
organs may suffer or stop working.
Heart Surgery
http://www.bhf.org.uk/cbhf/games/heart_op/
http://www.abc.net.au/science/lcs/heart.htm
Blood
3 Functions:
Transport  sends
• __________
nutrients and oxygen
throughout your body
55% Plasma –
mostly water
44% RBC
Immunity
• __________
 protects your
body against antigens
Healing
• __________
 clots to stop
bleeding after a cut or bruise
1% WBC and
platelets
Brain Pop
Vena cava
Capillaries
of the body
right
ventricle
pulmonary
artery
Carbon
dioxide
oxygen
aorta
left
ventricle
pulmonary
vein
left
atrium
Plasma
• Liquid
H2O
• Mostly _________
• Functions:
– Transport
– Carries hormones and wastes
– Makes up 55% of the blood
Red Blood Cells
erythrocytes
(____________)
• Most numerous
• Formed in the bone marrow
• Functions:
– Carries oxygen and nutrients to body and
waste back
– Filled with the protein hemoglobin, which
contains iron (makes your blood red, like rust)
leukocytes
White Blood Cells (____________)
• Larger than RBC’s
• Immunity
• Functions:
– Fight off invading organisms (pathogens)
– Release antibodies to help identify pathogens
– Destroy damaged/infected cells
Platelets
• Small pieces of cells
from bone marrow
• Functions:
– Healing
– Collect around cuts and
produce fibrin to make
a net to stop bleeding
Blood Type
•
Every person has one of four blood
types: A, B, AB, or O. Your blood type
refers to the type of antigens you have
on the surface of your RBCs.
•
Antigens – the markers that identify
what kind of blood you have.
•
Antibodies – the markers that look for
foreign blood types to attack.
Brain Pop
•
Transfusion – replacing your blood with
someone else’s due to blood loss during
surgery or an injury.
Type
Can receive
Can donate to
A
A, O
A, AB
B
B, O
B, AB
AB
all
AB only
O
O
all
Lymphatic System
Glue the body outline into your
science log. Use the textbook page
617 as a guide to draw and label the
lymphatic system.
Thymus
Lymph nodes
Lymphatic vessels
Spleen
Tonsil
Brain Pop
Lymphatic System
• Like another circulatory system
• Group of tissues and organs that
collects excess fluid and returns it
to your blood
• Helps fight pathogens
Brain Pop
• Lymph capillaries – absorb fluid and
small particles (dead cells/pathogens)
near cells
• Lymphatic vessels carry this lymph
back towards your neck where it drains
into veins of the cardiovascular system
• Lymph nodes – small bean shaped
masses of tissue that remove pathogens
and dead cells from the lymph
– Lymphocytes are types of WBC’s that fill
lymph nodes and attack pathogens
• Lymph nodes get swollen when you
have an infection. Why???
• Thymus – gland that makes T cells
ready to fight
• Spleen – soft and spongy organ
that
– produces lymphocytes
– recycles old/damaged RBC’s
• Tonsils – tissue that stores WBC’s
and fights infections
Respiration vs. Breathing
• Respiration – obtaining and using O2 and
getting rid of CO2 and H2O
• Breathing – inhaling and exhaling
vocal cords
pharynx
trachea
larynx
lung
bronchus
bronchiole
diaphragm
alveoli
Gas Exchange
Breathing
D
A
I
H
A
B
C
D
G
F
E
H
A
B
G
C
D
F
E