Transcript The Respiratory System

The Respiratory System
Overview
Respiratory System
Function: exchange of
oxygen and carbon
dioxide with its
environment.
Structures: nose,
passageways, lungs, &
diaphragm.
Types of Respiration:
1. External Respiration- occurs in the lungs,
exchange of gases between the air and
your lungs. (alveoli)
2. Internal Respiration- exchange of gases
between the blood and body cells.
3. Cellular Respiration- production of ATP
(energy) in cells.
Taking a Breath…
-Inspiration: process of inhaling air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Other gases
78%
21%
.03%
.97%
-Expiration: process of exhaling air
Nitrogen
Oxygen
Carbon Dioxide
Other gases
78%
16.54%
4.49%
.97%
-CPR works because
we don’t ONLY exhale
Carbon Dioxide. We
exhale a good amount
of Oxygen as well.
-Lungs have a total capacity
of approx 4-5 liters
-You normally inhale approx
.5 Liters
-Exhaling, you have a
residual volume of air left in
your lungs of about1 Liter
Nose
Nose: contains small hairs that filter particulates.
Nasal Cavity: contain cilia that act as an additional filter of the incoming air. Also
contains mucous that protects tissues, warms, and moistens the air.
Pharynx: passageway leading to the trachea (contains 2 passageways for food and air)
Nose
Epiglottis: keeps food from entering the trachea.
Larynx: voice box, vocal cords, ‘Adams Apple’.
Trachea (windpipe): leads to the bronchi tubes, made of cartilage.
Mucous and cilia lined.
Nose
Bronchus: 2 tubes that split off from the trachea, each lead to lung. Mucous and cilia lined.
Bronchioles: branchlike extensions of the main bronchi.
Alveoli: sacs in lungs where oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged by diffusion between
air and blood (capillaries). Hemoglobin (protein) carries oxygen and carbon dioxide.
Diaphragm: muscle separating the thoracic from the abdominal cavities.
Respiratory Structures
-Nose: contains small hairs that
filter particulates.
-Nasal Cavities: contain cilia &
mucous.
-Pharynx: back of the throat;
splits into the trachea and the
esophagus.
-Epiglottis: keeps food from
entering the trachea.
-Larynx: voice box, vocal
cords, ‘Adams Apple’.
-Trachea (windpipe): leads to
the bronchi tubes, made of
cartilage. Mucous and cilia
lined.
-Bronchi Tubes: two tubes that
split off from the trachea,
each one leads to lung.
Mucous and cilia lined.
Into the Lungs:
-Bronchioles: branchlike
extensions of the main
bronchi.
-Alveoli: sacs in lungs where
oxygen and carbon
dioxide are exchanged by
diffusion between the air
and the blood. (capillaries)
Yawning
Hiccups
Respiration Control:
-Involuntary response.
-Controlled by the brain and brain stem.
-Receptors in the medulla oblongata measure
carbon dioxide levels.
-Receptors in the aorta and carotid arteries
measure oxygen levels.
Diseases & Conditions:
-Asthma: contraction of the bronchioles due to an
allergic reaction.
-Bronchitis: bacterial infection in the bronchioles.
-Emphysema: rupturing of the alveoli (smoking).
-Pneumonia: virus and bacterial infection (severe).
-Lung Cancer