Transcript Kingdom Animalia

2/13/15
Discussion Questions
Using your textbook, journal, handouts, or smart phone please
complete the following:
1. What are the characteristics of the animal
kingdom?
2. How are animal-like protists different from
animals?
Reminders
Review your discussion questions and ppt notes ~5 min
each night for the daily quizzes.
Animal Exam 3-12-15
Zoo Trip 3-4-15
Go to room 1135 Tues or Thurs for Science Peer Tutoring
during PLC
Today’s Objective:
OBJECTIVES: Describe and Explain the general
characteristics of the Animal Kingdom
Evolutionary Trends
Animalia Phyla
Invertebrates vs. Vertebrates


95% of all species of animals are
invertebrates
Other 5% of animals are vertebrates
– Fishes, amphibians, reptiles, birds, and
mammals
Kingdom Animalia:
Evolutionary Advancements of Phyla
Phylum
Chordata
Echinodermata
Arthropoda
Annelida
Mollusca
Nematoda
Platyhelminthes
Cnidaria
Porifera
Characteristics
notocord
deuterostome
jointed appendages
segmentation
coelomate; body systems
psuedocoelomate
organs; bilateral symmetry
tissues; radial symmetry
multicellular
Cephalization


Cephalization - concentration of sense
organs & nerve cells at the front end
of the body
In general, the more complex an
animal is, the more pronounced is
their cephalization (head formation)

Kingdom Animalia
General Infomation
Multicellular & Eukaryotic
Organisms


Cells lack cell walls & are
specialized to carry out
different functions
Groups of specialized
cells form tissues, which
form organs and organ
systems
Multicellular & Eukaryotic
Organisms

Most animals have 4 types of tissues:
– Epithelial
– Muscular
– Connective
– Nervous
7 Essential Functions
1. Feeding – HETEROTROPHIC

Herbivores

Carnivores

Omnivores

Detritivores

Filter Feeders
7 Essential Functions
2. Respiration


All animals respire (take in oxygen and
give off carbon dioxide)
Gas exchange methods range from
simple diffusion to complex
tissues/organs
7 Essential Functions
3. Circulation
 Transport oxygen, nutrients, and waste
among an animal’s cells
 Small aquatic animals rely on diffusion
 Larger animals have a circulatory system
– Open C.S. - blood is pumped through a series of
sinuses or cavities and comes in direct contact
with tissues
– Closed C.S. - blood is always contained within
vessels
7 Essential Functions
4. Excretion


Most animals have an
excretory system to eliminate
or neutralize ammonia (a
primary waste product of
cells)
Excretory systems vary from cells that
pump water out of the body to complex
structures like kidneys
7 Essential Functions
5. Response

Animals respond to stimuli using nerve cells

Nervous systems are present in most animals

Simple nervous systems - networks of nerve cells

Complex nervous systems - include a brain which
directs the whole organism
7 Essential Functions
6. Movement


Sessile – attached to a surface; have muscles
or muscle-like tissues that allow some
movement – feeding by pumping water
through the body
Motile – free to move by muscle contractions
P2 = slate

a.
Sessile or motile?
b.
7 Essential Functions
7. Reproduction

Sexually – through the combining of haploid
gametes
– Creates and maintains genetic diversity in
populations
– Improves the ability to adapt to environmental
changes

Asexually – through budding or fission
– Allows for quick reproduction
– Allows for mass reproduction
Early Development

Zygote

Blastula

Blastopore

Protostome

Deuterostome
Body Cavity




Acoelomate
Pseudocoelomate
Coelomate
Coelom
Symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry
Radial Symmetry
Posterior end
Dorsal side
Anterior end
Ventral side
Plane of
symmetry
Planes of
symmetry



Radial Symmetry – multiple planes of symmetry
Bilateral Symmetry – one plane
Asymmetry – no apparent symmetry

anterior – toward the head

posterior – toward the tail

dorsal – back side

ventral – belly side
Phyla Book
Work on your phyla book