Transcript Animal Diversity - Mr Bishop`s Science

Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic
tissue layers
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
heterotrophic
eukaryotes
ingest their food
no cell walls
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
Animals
probably
heterotrophic
evolved from a
eukaryotes
colonial, flagellated
ingest their food
no cell walls
protist.
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
What is an animal?
multicellular
Animals
probably
heterotrophic
evolved from a
eukaryotes
colonial, flagellated
ingest their food
no cell walls
protist.
nervous tissue
muscle tissue
blastula stage
gastrula stage
embryonic tissue layers
Hox genes
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Phylogenetic trees are always
being revised.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Science is different from other ways
of knowing
Even our most cherished ideas in
science are probationary
Ideas can be falsified through
experiments or observation
The more testing a hypothesis
withstands, the more credible it is
It’s all about the evidence.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
No true
tissues
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
No true
tissues
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Each of the four
main branches
divides the tree
into grades based
on body plan.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The old system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Molecular
evidence has
rearranged the
branches.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The new system:
Protostome
No body
cavity
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Body
cavity
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Molecular
evidence has
rearranged the
branches.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The new system:
Protostome
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Molecular
evidence has
rearranged the
branches.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The new system:
Protostome
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Molecular
evidence has
rearranged the
branches.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
The new system:
Lophotrochozoa
(tentacles)
Ecdysozoa
(exoskeletons)
Protostome
Radial
symmetry
No true
tissues
Bilateral
symmetry
True
tissues
Ancestral colonial
choanoflagellate
Deuterostome
Molecular
evidence has
rearranged the
branches.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Most animal phyla originated
in the “Cambrian explosion”
between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Most animal phyla originated
in the “Cambrian explosion”
between 525 million and 565
million years ago.
Evolution was so fast during
that period that it is difficult to
sort out the history.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion:
Ecological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of
predator-prey relationships
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of
predator-prey relationships
Geological:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of
predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of
atmospheric oxygen
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of
predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of
atmospheric oxygen
Genetic:
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Causes of the Cambrian explosion
Ecological: The development of
predator-prey relationships
Geological: Increasing levels of
atmospheric oxygen
Genetic: Changes in the Hox genes
which control embryonic
development.
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
Three Germ Layers
and the
Coelom
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
coelomate protostome
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution
acoelomate
pseudocoelomate
anus
ectoderm
mesoderm
endoderm
mouth
coelomate protostome
mouth
anus
coelomate deuterotostome
Chapter 32
Introduction to Animal Evolution