Transcript Kingdom Animalia

Kingdom Animalia
Review of the Six Kingdoms
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Archaebacteria
Eubacteria
Protista
Fungi
Plantae
Animalia
The Nature of Animals
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Multicellular
Eukaryotic
Lack Cell Walls
Heterotrophic
Sexual reproduction
Movement (some)
Specialization (some)
Over 1.2 million species know and classified
Origin and Classification
• From the sea
• Colonial Protists (Choanoflagellate)
• Phylogeny based on morphology
Body Structure
 Patterns of Symmetry
 ___________________
 ___________________
 ___________________
 Dorsal
 Ventral
 Anterior
 posterior
Embryonic Germ Layers
• Fundamental tissue types found in the
embryo
– ________________
• Skin & coverings, nervous system
– ________________
• Circulation, muscle, internal organs (bone)
– ________________
• Digestive tract or gut
• _______________ = 2 germ layers
• _______________ = 3 germ layers
Body Cavities
 _________________
 _________________
 _________________
 Fluid-filled space that forms between the
digestive tract and the outer wall of the
body during development
 Can aid in movement and as a reservoir
for transporting nutrients and wastes
Fertilization & Development
• Gametes
– Egg and sperm
• Fertilization
– ____________
– Mitosis
– Cleavage
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• Blastula formation & Stem Cells
Patterns of Development
 ____________________
 Schizocoely
 Spiral cleavage
 Blastophore  _________
 Determinite
 _____________________
 Enterocoely
 Radial cleavage
 Blastophore  _________
 Indeterminite!
The 9 Major Animal Kingdom Phyla
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Porifera
Cnidaria
Ctenophora
Platyhelminthes
Nematoda
Rotifera
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Annelida
Mollusca
Arthropoda
Echinodermata
Chordata
Animal Phylogeny Tree
Invertebrates
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Invertebrate Characteristics
All forms of symmetry
Segmentation - some
Body support - exoskeleton
Systems
– Respiratory – simple diffusion to gills
– Circulatory – open and closed
– Digestive – cellular or gut
– Excretory – simple diffusion to nephridia
– Nervous – none to ___________________
– Reproduction – sexual, budding, and hermaphrodites
– Endocrine – hormone regulation
– Muscular – none to strong muscles
Porifera
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Subkingdom – ______________
Aquatic sponge
Sessile as adults
1 cm-2 m diameter
Body Plan – no symmetry
Choanocytes
_____________________
osculum
_____________________
 Calcium carbonate
 Silica
 Filter feeding
 Amebocytes
 Regeneration, budding, hermaphrodites,
larva and gemmules
Cnidarians
 Subkingdom __________________
 Hydra, jellyfish, coral and sea
anemones
 Radial symmetry
 Tissues and simple organs
 Fresh and Ocean environments
 Medusa & Polyp forms
 Cnidocyte w/ nematocyst
 _______________________
 Classes: Hydrozoa, Scyphozoa and
Anthozoa
• Important Cnidarian Structures
Ctenophora
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Marine
Comb jelly
Rows of beating cilia along outside
Water beats to move
_______________ for defense
____________________
Bioluminescence
Platyhelminthes
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Three germ layers
Bilateral symmetry
Acoelomate
Cephalization
Diffusion
Classes
 Turbellaria
 Free living
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 Trematoda
 flukes
 Cestoda
 tapeworms
Nematoda
___________________________
• Bilateral symmetry
• Free living and parasitic
• Pseudocoelomate
• ______________  ______________
• Separate sexes
• Cuticle
• Examples: Ascaris, Hookworm,
Trichinella and Pinworms
Rotifera
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Free living aquatic
Transparent
Pseudocoelomate
Cilia round the mouth
Mouth  Anus
Mollusca
 Coelomates
 Trochophore larva
 Visceral Mass
 Mantle cavity
 Head-foot
 __________________
 Siphons
 Chromatophores
 Examples - Clam, snail, slug, octopus
Annelida
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 Little rings
 Setae
 Coelomate
 Three Classes
 Oligochaeta
 earthworm
 Polychaeta
 Bristle worms
 Hirudinea
 leeches
Earthworm Anatomy
Arthropoda
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Bilateral Coelomates
Jointed appendages
Exoskeleton – chitin
Compound eye
_____________________
Subphyla
– Trilobita
– Crustacea
– Chelicerata
– Uriramia
Echinodermata
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Marine
Pentaradial symmetry
No cephalization
______________________
Tube feet
Deuterostome
Cardiac and pyloric stomach
Examples - Sea star, sand dollar, basket star
Invertebrate Chordates
 Animals
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 Deuterostome
 Chordates must have the following
 Notochord
 Stiff, but flexible rod of cells that runs the
length of the body near the dorsal ridge
 Dorsal nerve cord
 Pharyngeal pouches
 Post anal tail
 Examples – lancelet and tunicate