Transcript Amphibians
Animal Kingdom What are the charctersitics of an animal? • Eukaryote • Sexual reproducers • Heterotrophs • Locomotion • Multicellular What are the 2 major divisions in animals? Animals without a backbone Animals with a backbone • These include insects, worms, sponges, mollusks, and etc. • Known as chordata • Lack bones, some have hard outer shells or exoskeletons • Make up only 5% of animals. • Make up approximately 95% of all animals. • Insects make up 80% of all animals. • There are five divisions of animals with backbones. Phylum Chordata What is the phylum Chordata? Includes 5 Classes 1.Fish 2.Amphibians 3.Reptiles 4.Birds 5.Mammals What are fish? • Habitat: nearly every aquatic environment • Respiration: use gills to breathe • Circulation: 2 chambered heart • Reproduction: sexual (mostly external) • Nervous System: lateral line system that can detect movement What are the three types of fish? • 3 Major Types of Fish • Jawless Fish • Cartilaginous Fish • Bony Fish What are amphibians? • Examples: frogs, salamanders, toads • Habitat: live on land and water • Respiration: lungs in adults, gills in tadpoles, but mostly through the moist skin • Reproduction: External reproduction (water needed to transport sperm and eggs must be kept moist) Amphibians • Circulation: 3 chambered heart (mixing) • One chamber gets oxygen-rich blood from the lungs and skin • One gets oxygen-poor blood form the rest of the body • Both of those chambers collect in a third chamber that pumps a mix of oxygen-rich and oxygenpoor blood to the lungs, skin and body Amphibians • Temperature Regulation: Ectotherms, variable body temperature – gets heat from outside source • Metamorphosis – eggs, tadpoles, adult • Tadpoles – fins, gills, 2chambered heart • Adult – legs, lungs, 3chambered heart What are reptiles? • Examples: snakes, crocodiles, turtle, lizards • Habitat: Land mostly • Respiration: No exchange thru skin bc it is scaly MUST use lungs • Circulation: most have 3 chambered heart • Obtain food: claws, legs directly under body makes running easier • Temp Regulation: ectotherms Reptiles • Reproduction: Internal fertilization and can lay eggs on land due to the evolution of the amniotic egg What is the amniotic egg? • Amnion: fluid that cushions embryo • Shell: leathery shell • Yolk: food source for embryo • Allantois: wastes are excreted into this • Chorion: allows gas exchange • Egg tooth: horny tooth that helps hatch the egg What are birds? • Examples: pelican, penguin, blue jay • Respiration: lungs and air sacs for extra oxygen for flight • Temp Regulation: Endotherm (internally regulates body temp so it is constant) • Reproduction: internal fertilization and lay amniotic egg with a hard shell, must incubate eggs • Adaptations: hollow bones for flight, feathers are lightweight, wings Birds • Circulation: 4 chambered heart (one side pumps oxygen-poor blood to lungs the other side pumps oxygen-rich blood to the rest of the body) What are mammals? Must haves to be a mammal: Hair Mammary glands that secrete milk to nurse young Diaphragm to expand and contract chest cavity to get more oxygen Specialized teeth (ex. Molars, canines, incisors) Can learn! Mammals • Temp Regulation: Endotherms, maintain fairly constant body temperature • Circulation: 4 chambered heart the oxygenated blood is kept separate from the deoxygenated blood • Respiration: Diaphragm – sheet of muscle located beneath the lungs that separates the chest cavity from the abdominal cavity What is the role of hair for mammals? • Why is HAIR important? • Insulation • Waterproofing • Conserves body heat • Mammals cool off by panting and sweating How are mammals classified? Mammals are classified into 3 groups based on their method of reproduction 1. Placental Mammals 2. Marsupials 3. Monotremes What are Placental Mammals? • Carries baby in the mother’s uterus until development is almost complete • Placenta provides food for the baby, allows gas exchange, and removes waste • 95% of mammals are placental What are Marsupials? • After a baby has grown to a certain size, the mom carries the baby inside a pouch made of skin and hair on the outside of the mom’s body • Most are found in Australia What are Monotremes? • Reproduces by laying eggs • Found only in Australia, Tasmania, and New Guinea • 3 species of monotremes alive today (platypus, spiny anteater and longbeaked echidna