Transcript Amphibians and Mammals

1. Insects whose immature forms closely resemble the
adult insect go through which development process?
A complete metamorphosis
C pupal stage
B incomplete metamorphosis
D larval stage
2. Beetles, bees, and flies have a larval stage in their
development in which the young organisms look very
different than their adult counterparts. These insects
then enter a pupal stage where marked changes in
body form take place after which an adult emerges.
This type of development is
A incomplete metamorphosis
B placental
C complete metamorphosis
D differentiation
 Warm-up
 Notes-
Amphibians and Mammals
 Amphibian and Mammal Worksheet
 Plant Booklet Project
 Clean-Up
 Cool-down
Guided Notes
 Amphibians
are animals that are
adapted for living on both land and in
water.
 Examples
of Amphibians include: frogs,
toads, salamanders, and caecilians
 How
are frogs and toads different?
 Toads have squat bodies with shorter
legs and their skin is dry and bumpy.
Frogs have moist skin and longer bodies
and legs.
 Respiration-
Amphibians
breathe with
lungs but many
get more oxygen
by getting it
directly through
the skin-this is
called skin
breathing or
cutaneous
respiration
 Heart-Amphibians
basically have a 3
chamber heart that is connected to a
two loop circulatory system. The
atrium is divided into left and right
sides but the ventricle is not divided.
This results in a mixture of oxygen-rich
and oxygen-poor blood being delivered
to the body’s tissues.
 Reproduction-frogs
and many other
amphibians depend on water to
complete their life cycle. Females
release their eggs into the water and a
male’s sperm fertilizes the eggs
externally (outside the body).
 After
a few days, the fertilized eggs
hatch into swimming, fish like organisms
called tadpoles. Tadpoles breathe with
gills and after a period of growth, the
body of the tadpole changes into a frog
body. This dramatic physical change in
which a frog develops is called
metamorphosis.
 Nutrition-Most
amphibians eat insects or
other small animals. The tongue is
often used to capture prey and most
food is not chewed but swallowed
whole.
 Salt
and water regulation is
accomplished by organs called the
kidneys.
 There
are four major characteristics of
mammals:
 1.
Hair-only mammals have hair and its
primary function (job) is insulation in
order to maintain body temperature.
Other jobs include getting sensory
information, like whiskers, or for
blending into the environment.
 2.
Diverse and specialized teeth-teeth
are used to get and chew food,
protection, and to perform tasks. Most
mammals have 4 kinds of teeth-incisors,
canines, premolars, and molars.
A
mammal’s diet can also be determined
by the type of teeth they have.
Carnivores have long, sharp canines for
grasping and cutting meat, while
herbivores have large, flat teeth for
grinding plant material.
 3.
Endothermic metabolism-mammals
break down their food in order to make
heat internally and maintain a constant
body temperature, which means they
are endotherms.
4. Mammary glands that produce milkmammals are unique in how they
nourish and care for their young after
birth. The milk contains protein,
carbohydrates, fat, and water and the
young mammals survive on this until
they are weaned.
 Mammals
are also cared for by their
mothers for much longer periods of time
than other species for food, shelter, and
protection, as most species are left to
fend for themselves shortly after birth.
 Respiration-mammals
have very
efficient lungs with a large surface area
for exchange of oxygen and carbon
dioxide. Respiration is helped by a
muscle called the diaphragm-which
pushes air into and out of the lungs.
The lungs also contain alveoli-small
grape-shaped chambers that increase
surface area
 Circulation-mammals
have a 4chambered heart with 2 atriums on the
top and 2 ventricles on the bottom.
They also have a double-loop circulation
system, which allows them to keep the
oxygen-rich blood going to the body and
the oxygen-poor blood going to the
lungs completely separate.
 Excretion-mammals
have very highly
developed kidneys, which allows them
to produce concentrated urine that
conserves water.
 There
are 3 large groups of mammals
based on how they reproduce, however
all mammals use internal fertilization:
 1.
Placental mammals-these animals
develop inside the female’s uterus,
where they are nourished by the
mother’s blood. An organ called the
placenta allows nutrients and oxygen to
diffuse from the mother’s blood to the
baby’s blood. The period of time
between fertilization and birth is called
gestation, and this is usually pretty long
which results in the birth of completely
developed young.
 2.
Marsupials-These animals are born
just a few days after fertilization, and
then crawl to the mother’s pouch,
where they remain while they grow and
develop until they are able to leave the
pouch. Most of the marsupial specieskangaroos, wombats, wallaroos-live in
the Australian region.
 3.
Monotremes-There are a few
mammals that reproduce using eggs,
these are called monotremes and
include the platypus and the echidna.
These species are found in Australia,
New Guinea, and South America.
(echnida)
(echidna)
(armadillo)
(aardvark)
1.
Name two methods amphibians use to get
oxygen.
2.
The three large groups of mammals are
divided based on how they…?
1. Which would be classified as a virus?
A. AIDS and influenza
B. Influenza and strept throat
C. Sinus infection and strept throat
D. Sinus infection and AIDS
2. Which of the following best describes the main
difference between a plant cell and a bacteria cell?
A. Plant cells have a cell wall and bacteria cells do not.
B. Plant cells have a nuclear membrane and bacteria
cells do not.
C. Plants cells have a plasma membrane and
bacteria cells do not.
D. Plant cells have chloroplast and bacteria cells do not.
 Warm-up
 Immune
System Textbook Questions
 Mammal Characteristic Diagram
 Stations
 Clean-Up
 Cool-down
(echnida)
(echidna)
(armadillo)
(aardvark)
Draw a mammal (any mammal- use you
book, memory, pictures from the next
slide, to choose your animal)
2. Label the 4 major characteristics of
mammals.
3. Underneath the label, give the function of
that characteristic.
1.
1. Which of the following is responsible for
maintaining homeostasis inside the cell in an
ever-changing external environment?
A. Cell wall
B. Plasma membrane
C. Ribosome
D. Mitochondria
2. If the vascular tissue of a plant was damaged,
what process effected most immediately?
A. Transport of water to the leaves
B. Absorption of water into the roots
C. Movement of sugar through the stem
D. Gas exchange in the leaves
 Warm-up
 GATTACA
 Clean-Up
 Cool-down
1. What type of tissue that seedless plants lack
forces them to remain small and live in moist
environments?
A. Dermal
B. Xylem and phloem
C. Ground
D. Bark
2. Which best describes the differences of DNA of
members of different species?
A. Difference in the nucleotide sequence
B. Difference in sugars
C. Difference in phosphate group
D. Difference in bond structure
 Warm-up
 Exam
Review
 Finish GATTACA
 Clean-Up
 Cool-down
1. Hemophilia is a sex-linked recessive disorder.
What is the genotype of a female carrier?
A. XhXh
B. XHY
C. XhY
D. XHXh
2. Which of the following is used for the long-term
storage of energy?
A. Carbohydrate
B. Lipid
C. Protein
D. Nucleic Acid
 Warm-up
 Review
 Exam
 Holiday
Review Packet
 Clean-Up
 Cool-down