Transcript AIM: How does excretion in humans remove harmful wastes?

AIM: How does excretion in
humans remove harmful
wastes?
How is the circulatory system
connected to the excretory
system?
How is the circulatory system
connected to the excretory
system?
•The circulatory system transports the
metabolic wastes from the body cells
to the various excretory organs
What is the life process of
excretion?
• The removal of metabolic wastes
produced by the body cells
How is excretion different from
egestion?
• Egestion – the removal of the wastes of
digestion – FECES
What are the five major waste
products produced by your cells?
•
•
•
•
•
Carbon Dioxide
Water
Salts (minerals)
Urea
Heat
How do these wastes move from
the body cells to your excretory
system organs?
• The Circulatory System!
What are the major organs of the
Excretory System?
• Kidney
• Skin
• Lungs
• Liver
How does the Skin aid in the
removal of wastes?
• Perspiration: Gets
rid of water, salt,
and heat
• Has 2 to 5 million
sweat glands
Sweat Gland
Blood Vessels
How do the Lungs aid in the
removal of wastes?
• Exhalation
• Excretes water, CO2, and heat
How do the Kidneys aid in the
removal of wastes?
• Produce urine and
regulate water/salt
balance in the blood.
• **major organ of the
excretory system**
What is the major filtering unit
of the kidney?
The
Nephron
Each kidney is
made of 1 million
nephrons to
filter the blood
Description/Function
A
Tiny ball of capillaries located at the beginning
of eachGlomerulous
nephron (site of filtration)
B
Cup-shaped portion of the nephron that
surrounds the glomerulous (site of
Bowman’s Capsule
filtration)
C
Site of Reabsorption and Secretion
B
A
Loop Of Henle
D
E
All remaining substances in the nephron enter
here; Filtrate is now called Urine
Collecting Duct
(Excretion)
E
Transports unfiltered blood to the kidney;
enables diffusion/active transport of
Blood
Vessels
substances
into/out
of nephron; Transports
filtered blood back to the heart
C
D
The Nephron
Nephron
Will blood cells andBlood Processing:
proteins be filtered
1)Filtration:
into the nephron?
Arteries transport blood to the
kidney (nephron)
Urea, water, Glucose, and
No!! Way
salts (minerals) are filtered
too Big!!!
out by diffusion/active
transport
Nephron
Blood Processing:
1)Reabsorption:
Substances still needed by the
body are removed from the
filtrate and reenter the blood
via diffusion/active transport
Ex: glucose, water, minerals
(NOT urea)
Nephron
Blood Processing:
3)Secretion:
Kidneys remove certain
substances from the blood
and add them to the filtrate.
Ex: Salts, Water
Nephron
Blood Processing:
4)Excretion:
Urine has been formed! Will
be moved to the bladder to
be excreted from the body
The Nephron
The Nephron
C
D
B
E
A
F
What is urine?
•The sterile fluid produced
by the kidneys
•Mostly water but contains
urea and salts
How does the LIVER aid in
the removal of wastes?
•Produces urea from
breaking down amino
acids (ammonia to urea)
What are the major organs of the
urinary system?
• Kidneys – produce urine
• Ureters – carries urine from
the kidneys to bladder
• Bladder – stores urine
• Urethra – releases the urine
The Urinary System
How does our excretory system
help maintain homeostasis?
• Temperature balance
• Water balance
• Waste balance
Diabetes Insipidus
What is it?
Excretion of large amounts of watery urine
Unquenchable thirst
What Causes It?
Kidney is not reabsorbing water
Back into the bloodstream
How do you treat it?
Medicine
Kidney Stones
Kidney Stones
What Causes It?
Not drinking enough water to
dilute the minerals/salts
being filtered out
What is it?
Urine is extremely concentrated
forming crystallized stones which
can block the urinary tract
How do you treat it?
Some pass through the urinary tract,
surgery, shock wave therapy
Shock Wave Therapy
Who gets kidney stones?
• For unknown reasons, the number of people in
the United States with kidney stones has been
increasing over the past 20 years.
• White Americans are more prone to develop
kidney stones than African Americans.
• Stones occur more frequently in men.
• Kidney stones strike most typically between the
ages of 20 and 40.
• Once a person gets more than one stone, others
are likely to develop.
Kidney Failure
What Causes It?
Traumatic injury, Drugs/Toxins,
Infection, high blood pressure, and
diabetes
What is it?
Low rate of filtration;
nephron’s are not working
properly in both kidneys
How do you treat it?
Dialysis; Kidney Transplant
Dialysis