Transcript Chordata: Amphibans, Reptiles, and Birds

Chordata:
Amphibans, Reptiles, and Birds
Jeff
William Ross
http://farm1.static.flickr.com/34/70054553_b22233029b.jpg
Common Characteristics
 Body cavity: All are coelomates
 Body symmetry: Bilaterally symmetrical
 Nervous system: Have spinal cords with
vertebrae and brains
 Circulatory system:
 Amphibians and Reptiles are Ectothermic
 Birds are Endothermic
 Digestive system / Excretory system: One
way digestive track
Common Characteristics
 Locomotion/Musculature: Ambibans,
Amniotes (Reptiles and Birds included) are
Tetrapods
 Skeletal type: Mineralized endoskeletons
(in reptiles and birds)
Amphibians
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Imag
e/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
 Class Amphibia
 Order Urodela
 Salamanders
 Order Anura
 Frogs
 Order Apoda
http://www.richardseaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
Amphibians
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Imag
e/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
 Derived Characteristics:



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Most have “dual lives”
Aquatic Larval stage
Adult land dwelling stage
Most live in damp habits
like swamps and rain forests
 Some Amphibians only
breathe through skin and oral
cavity
http://www.richardseaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
Amphibians
http://www.kansasriver.org/files/Imag
e/Plains%20Leopard%20Frog.jpg
 Sample Organisms:
 Rana blairi (Plains
Leopard Frog)
 Salamandra salamandra
(Fire Salamander)
http://www.richardseaman.com/Travel/CzechRepublic/Wildlife/CzechSalamander.jpg
Reptiles
 Class Reptilla
 Crocodilia

 Crocodiles and Alligators
 Sphenodontia

 Tuataras
http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short
-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
Squamata
 Lizards and Snakes
Testudines
 Turtles and Tortoises
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpg
Reptiles
 Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggs
 Derived Characteristics:
 Waterproof Scales made of β – Keratin
 Other characteristics are “highly derived”
http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short
-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpg
Reptiles
 Ammonites: named for their amniotic eggs
 Sample Organisms:
 Phrynosoma douglasii (Short-horned Horned
Lizard)
 Ophiophagus hannah (King Corba)
http://depts.washington.edu/natmap/photos/reptiles/short
-horned_lizard_babies_mom_0805.jpg
http://www.taoistsecret.com/Images/KingCobra.jpg
Birds
 Class Aves
 Nearly a dozen surviving
modern orders
http://shew-design.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumpedflameback-nepal-2008.jpg
Birds
 Derived Characteristics:
 Adoptions for flight:
 No urinary bladder
 Often one ovary in females
 No teeth
 Air filled honey-combed wings
 Feathers contain
β – Keratin like
scales
http://shew-design.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/Emperor_Penguin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumpedflameback-nepal-2008.jpg
Birds
 Sample Organisms:
 Dinopium benghalense (BlackRumped Flameback)
 Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor
Penguin)
http://shew-design.com/blog/wpcontent/uploads/Emperor_Peng
uin.jpg
http://www.birdfinders.co.uk/images/black-rumpedflameback-nepal-2008.jpg
Contrasts
 Sensory structures/features:
 All have developed eyes and ears but
 Birds have the best eyesight of the vertebrates
 Reproduction:
 Amphibians most have aquatic external
fertilization
 Reptiles and birds have internal fertilization
and lay amniotic eggs
 Which contain extrambryonic membranes
http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/34-19-AmnioticEgg-L.gif
Contrasts
 Gas exchange
 Most larval amphibians use gills and most
adult amphibians rely on moist skin for gas
exchange
 Most reptiles (except Turtles) use lungs as
scales prevent breathing through skin
 Turtles can use moist surfaces of their cloaca for
gas exchange
 Birds rely on lungs
Are You Ready?
Quiz Time!
Question 1
 As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians,
only Birds
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A. Are ectothermic
B. Have β – Keratin
C. Are endothermic
D. Both B and C
Question 1
 As opposed to Reptiles and Amphibians,
only Birds




A. Are ectothermic
B. Have β – Keratin
C. Are endothermic
D. Both B and C
 Correct Answer: C
Question 2
 Compared with Birds and Reptiles
Amphibians




A. Can still live in aquatic environments
B. Breath solely with their oral cavity
C. Breath through their skin
D. Have internal fertilization
Question 2
 Compared with Birds and Reptiles
Amphibians




A. Can still live in aquatic environments
B. Breath solely with their oral cavity
C. Breath through their skin
D. Have internal fertilization
 Correct Answer: C
Question 3
 What do reptiles and birds share in
common?




A. β – Keratin
B. Amniotic eggs
C. Both are tetrapods
D. All of the above
Question 3
 What do reptiles and birds share in
common?




A. β – Keratin
B. Amniotic eggs
C. Both are tetrapods
D. All of the above
 Correct Answer: D
Question 4
 Which of the following is not an adaptation
for flight in birds




A. Honey combed wings
B. No teeth
C. No urinary bladder
D. None of the above
Question 4
 Which of the following is not an adaptation
for flight in birds




A. Honey combed wings
B. No teeth
C. No urinary bladder
D. None of the above
 Correct Answer: D
Thank You