Transcript Human Respiration

Chapter 18
Human
Respiration
SACCONE IS THE COOLEST
Human Respiration
Involves the process of cellular
respiration and gas exchange
a) cellular respiration:
glucose + O2  H2O + CO2 + 36 ATP’s
b) gas exchange:
exchange of gases between the
internal and external environment with
the use of lungs
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(I) Human Respiratory System
 Composed
of a network of
passageways which permits
air to flow from the external
environment and into the
lungs
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Human Respiratory System
Nasal Cavity
 The
nose
 Lined with a ciliated mucus
membrane
 The cilia and mucus:
1. Filters air
2. Warms air
3. Moistens air
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Pharynx
 Known
as the throat region
 It is an area in which both air
and food pass through
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Larynx
 Also
called the Adam’s apple
 Humans use the larynx as a
voice box which contains vocal
cords that vibrate and produce
sound as air passes through
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Epiglottis
A
cartilaginous flap
 It “covers” the trachea when
swallowing food
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Trachea
 Known
as the windpipe
 Kept open by rings of
cartilage
 Lined with a ciliated mucus
membrane
 One cigarette paralyzes the
cilia for 20 minutes
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Bronchi
Bronchus = singular
 Trachea divides into two major
divisions known as bronchi
 The bronchi contain cartilage
rings as well
 The bronchi subdivide many
times forming smaller tubules
known as bronchioles
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Bronchioles
 Lack
cartilage rings
 Tiny bronchioles subdivide
and terminate (end) with
structures known as alveoli
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Alveoli
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Are thin, moist and surrounded by
capillaries
Are the functional units for gas
exchange between the lung and the
blood
Alveoli increase surface area for gas
exchange
O2 diffuses into the blood from the
alveoli and CO2 and water diffuse out
of the blood and into the alveoli
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Gas Exchange at the Alveolus
Diaphragm
 Muscle
that forms the floor
of the chest cavity
 Aids in the breathing
process
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(II) Breathing Process
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Lungs are highly elastic (stretchable)
Breathing is controlled by the medulla
Movement of the diaphragm and ribcage
causes pressure change in the chest
cavity which moves air into and out of the
lungs
The breathing rate is controlled by the
concentration of CO2 in the blood
Inhalation- breathe in
Exhalation- breathe out
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(IV) Gas Exchange
1.
2.
In the blood, hemoglobin
binds with oxygen from the
alveoli to form oxyhemoglobin
(HbO2)
Carbon dioxide is carried
primarily in the plasma of the
blood in the form of
bicarbonate ions (HCO3)
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Diseases
of the
Respiratory
System
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Bronchitis
 Inflammation
of the
membrane of the bronchial
tubes
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Asthma
 An
allergic response
characterized by
constriction of the bronchial
tubes
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Emphysema
 Disease
in which the walls of
the alveoli breakdown,
decreasing surface area for
gas exchange
 Characterized by shortness
of breath, difficulty in
breathing, and decreased
lung capacity
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Pneumonia
 The
alveoli become filled
with fluid, preventing gas
exchange between the
alveoli and the capillaries
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