Transcript Human Body Systems

Human Body Systems
Your Circulatory System
The Functions of
the Circulatory System are to
• Take needed
substances to
cells
• Carry waste
products away
from cells
Circulatory System Consists of…
• Blood Vessels
• Blood
• Heart
Circulatory System
BLOOD VESSELS
Two Pathways
Carry blood
to lungs and back

Carry blood
to body and back

Your Blood Vessels:
Pathway of Circulation
•
3 types of vessels
–
–
–
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
Arteries:
• carry blood
Away from the
heart
• carry O2 and
needed materials
Veins:
• carry
blood to the
heart
• carry CO2
and waste
Capillaries:
–
–
–
–
Smallest vessels
Microscopic
Walls one cell thick
Nutrients and gases diffuse here
Circulatory System
BLOOD
The Blood
• Body contains 4-6 liters
• Consists of
–
–
–
–
Water
Red Blood Cells
Plasma
White blood cells and
platelets
Circulatory System
HEART
Structure of the Heart
• Four chambers
– Two upper (Atria)
• Walls thinner
• Less muscular
– Two lower (Ventricles)
• Walls thicker
• More muscular
• Do more work
How to take care of your
Circulatory System
 Exercise
 Control your weight
 Eat a well balanced diet
 Eat a low fat diet
 Do not smoke
MUSCLES
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The function of the muscular
system is to move the body. . .
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• Talking
• Digesting
• Walking
• Coloring
• Breathing
• Riding bikes
• Smiling
• Blinking
• Eating
• Sneezing
• Studying
• Raising your hand
• Driving
• Swimming
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About how
many
muscles do
you think
the human
body has?
Answer =
650
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Muscles
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Types of Muscles
Skeletal Muscles
•Are voluntary muscles.
•Move bones
•Are attached to tendons,
which are attached to
bones.
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Tendons
Tendons are connective tissue
that attach muscles to bones.
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Smooth Muscles
•Are involuntary
muscles.
•Found in many
organs.
•Examples: blood
vessels, stomach,
lungs, intestines
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Cardiac Muscle
•Is involuntary.
•Makes up the
heart.
•Pumps the blood
by contracting.
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TAKE CARE OF YOUR
MUSCULAR SYSTEM!
Eat healthy foods and
exercise your muscles regularly.
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What happens when
we do not use our
muscles?
Our muscles get
smaller, which
makes them weak.
USE YOUR MUSCLES!
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Has 3 functions
1.
2.
3.
Receives information about what is happening
inside and outside the body
Directs the way your body will respond to the
information
Maintains homeostasis
A system that controls all of the activities of the body.
The nervous system is made of:
The brain
The spinal cord
The nerves
The senses
There are two divisions of the nervous system.
1. The central nervous system
2. The peripheral nervous system
The Central Nervous System is made of
the brain and the spinal cord.
The Central Nervous System controls everything in the body.
An organ that controls your emotions, your
thoughts, and every movement you make.
*The brain is divided into
three parts and is
protected by the skull.
* The spinal cord sends messages to the brain.
* The spinal cord is the part of the nervous system that
connects the brain to the rest of the nervous system.
* The vertebrae are the many bones that protect the
nerves in the spinal cord.
•Made up of
NERVES & SENSE ORGANS.
•The peripheral nervous system
carries messages between the
central nervous system and the rest
of the body.
* controls the body’s activities that you don’t think
about.
* controls your breathing, your heartbeat, and
activities in your small intestine.
controls
•Wear a helmet when skating, bicycling or
doing other activities where you could
bump your head.
•Wear a seatbelt when riding in a car.
• Make sure the water is deep enough
before diving.
• Don’t abuse alcohol or drugs.
The Skeletal System
Skeleton Functions
The skeleton has five major functions:
1. Provides body shape and
support
2. Enables the body to move
3. Protects internal organs
4. Produces blood cells
5. Stores certain materials
until the body needs them
Dem Bones!
The Structure of Bone
Periosteum
•covers the bone
Compact Bone
•hard outer bone surface
Spongy Bone
•porous with blood vessels and nerves
Marrow
•center of the bone
•RED makes red and white blood cells
•YELLOW stores fat for an energy reserve
Cartilage
•Cartilage provides a
smooth surface between
bones
•Sometimes it’s a more
flexible extension of bone
as in the tip of your nose
Joints
• connect bones
• allow bones to move in
different ways
• held together by a
strong connective tissue
called ligaments
Movable joints include:
1. ball-and- socket (hip)
2. hinge joints (knee)
3. gliding joints (wrist)
4. pivot joints (neck)
Ligaments
Ligaments connect bones to bones.
Take Care of Your Bones!
•As people become
older, their bones
begin to lose some
minerals.
•Mineral loss can lead
to osteoporosis, a
condition in which the
body’s bones become
weak and break easily.
•Regular exercise and
a diet rich in calcium
can help prevent
osteoporosis.
Your Respiratory System
The Functions of Your Respiratory System
• moves oxygen from the outside environment
into your body.
• removes carbon dioxide and water from your
body.
The Path of Air
How You Breathe 1: The Diaphragm
How You Breathe 2: The Alveoli
Take Care
of Your
Lungs
Don’t Smoke
Wear a mask when
the air is dusty
Respiratory Disease: Lung Cancer
The cancerous lung (right) shows how much damage
smoking can do over time to your respiratory system.
Your Digestive System
Your Digestive System…
…breaks down food
into molecules the
body can absorb.
…passes these
molecules into the
bloodstream to be
carried throughout the
body.
…works to eliminate
solid wastes from the
body.
Parts of Your Digestive System
The Digestive Journey
Digestion begins in your mouth:
•action of your teeth and tongue (mechanical digestion)
•secretion by your salivary glands (chemical digestion).
The Esophagus
The esophagus is a foot long muscular tube.
Your Stomach
•churns the food
•contains chemicals, gastric juices, which break
down proteins and fat
•gradually releases the remains into the upper small
intestine
Your Liver
•produces bile
- a substance
that helps
break down fat
Liver
Your Gall Bladder
• bile flows from
the liver into the
gall bladder
Liver
• it is stored in
the gall bladder
until needed
Gall Bladder
Your Pancreas
•produces enzymes
that flow into the small
intestine
•helps to break up
complex starches,
proteins, and fats
Liver
Pancreas
Duodenum
(upper small intestine)
Gall Bladder
Your Small Intestine
•all the nutrients
are absorbed
leaving
undigestible
wastes
•these wastes
pass into the
large intestine
Your Large Intestine (Colon)
•water is removed
•the wastes are
stored in the
rectum
•until they are
released by the
anus
Take Care
of Your
Digestive
System
Eat a healthy diet.
Don’t ignore pains
that don’t go away.