Transcript D. Life Processes

Unit 1: Introduction to the
Study of Living Things
Biology: What is it all about?
A. Biology and Science
1. What is biology?
a. ________ - _______________.
The science of life and of living
organisms, including their _________,
________, _______, _______, _________,
and distribution.
b. _________ – _________________________
c. _________
B. Science
1. Scientific Method = _____________________
- Basic Procedure to follow for _____________________
_________________________________________
- Scientific Inquiry begins with making ________________
2. Steps of the Scientific Method:
a. State the _____________
b. Propose a _________________
Hypothesis = a ___________ about the possible answer
based on previous knowledge
c. ____________
____________ = factors that are manipulated during an
experiment
_________________ = an experiment in which ________
______________________
d. _____________________
e. _____________________
f. ______________________
3. Scientific Facts
a. ___________ = information based on experimentation
observations and tests demonstrate _______________ to
the scientist
b. _________ = explains a ______________, ideas about a
specific situation or similar situation
ex: ___________________________
Theories are changed and modified based on new
scientific evidence
c. ______________ = once a theory has been tested many
times over many years and is ______________________
then it becomes a scientific law.
ex: Law of Gravity
C. Living vs. Non-living
List Living and Non-living things
D. Characteristics of Life
1. Living things are _________________________________
_______________________________________________.
2. Living things are ____________________________, ____
______________________________________________.
3. Living things _____________________.
4. Living things have a ______________________________.
5. Living things have a ____________________________.
6. Living things ___________________.
7. Living things ________________________________.
8. Living things are __________________________.
9. Living things ___________________________________.
8 & 9 are true for the species not the individual
10. ____________________?
- Viruses are like M&Ms – they have
an outer candy coating and a rich
chocolate center
- On a virus the outside is made of
_______ and the inside is _____ or
_______
- __________________________
- Viruses are ____________ – not
____________
- Viruses trick their way into cells
and _________________________
_____________
D. Life Processes
- Also called life activities
- These are the activities that all living things do to stay alive
1. ____________ = activity by which the organism ___________
_________________________________________________.
a. ______ = the ______________
__________________ for energy,
growth, repair, maintenance, and
the life processes.
___________
_______________
___________________
Water, Vitamins, and Minerals
b. 3 Processes involved in Nutrition:
i. ______________ = _______ of food from the environment.
ii. ___________ = _________ of complex food materials into
simpler forms that an organism can utilize.
Digestion = __________________
iii. ____________ = _____________ of undigested materials
c. 2 Types of Nutrition:
i. ________________________
Autotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms
______________________________________________
ex: ___________ = Autotrophs
use photosynthesis for autotrophic nutrition
Carbon Dioxide + Water  Sugar + Oxygen
______________________________________________________
ii. _________________________________
Heterotrophic nutrition is the process by which organisms
_______________________________________________
_______________________________________________.
Heterotrophs use _______________________________
ex: Humans, animals, fungus, and many bacteria are
heterotrophs
2. _________________
Transport is the life process by which ___________________
________________________________________________.
Materials can either enter the cells directly or
as in larger organisms materials are moved throughout the
body by a circulatory system.
3. ____________________________________
Cellular Respiration is the life process of _________________
________________________________________
Food materials are broken down into energy, water, and
carbon dioxide.
Cellular Respiration is _________________
i. _________________________
_______________ from the environment
carried by mitochondria inside the cell
ii. ____________________
___________________________ from the environment
does not use the mitochondria
iii. ____________
ATP is the _____________ made from cellular respiration
All cells use ATP as their _________________________
4. _____________________________
i. Synthesis = ____________________________ into more
_____________________________.
________________________
ii. _____________ = ________ of material into the
organism's body
.
5. _____________________
Growth is an ____________________
Growth results from synthesis and assimilation
_________________________ = when cells transform to
have specific jobs
ex: in human growth, life starts as one cell but forms many
different body parts
=.
In most animals growth is a finite process. It has an end, but
in some plants, growth has no definite end
6. ______________
Excretion is the life process of _______________________
from the body
Many different types of wastes:
_________________________________________
7. _____________________
Regulation is the life process used ____________________
the organism
Regulation is carried out by the _____________ and/or
__________________
8. ___________________________
Reproduction is the life process by which organisms _______
____________________________________
i. ______________________________
a _____________________________________________
______________________________________________
ex: Clones, fission, budding vegetative propagation
ii. ________________________________
there are ________________________________________
____________________
9. ___________________________
Metabolism is the __________________________________
occurring within the cells of an organism
Metabolism is _____________________________________
Metabolism involves _______________________________
_______________________________________________
10. __________________________
Homeostasis is the ________________________________
_____________________________
Homeostasis is keeping the organism in ___________ even
though the environment is changing
Uses ______________ mechanisms to help maintain a
____________________________
EX: Regulation of blood flow through an elephant's ears to help keep it cool.
EX: Shiver  a reaction to keep your body warm when you are cold.
EX: Increased heart rate during exercise
EX: Immune system responding to foreign substances in your body