Transcript Respiratory System 2. Nasal Cavity

Respiratory System -the system for exchanging gases between the
atmosphere and the cells of the body
1. Ventilation -movement of air in and out of the lungs; breathing
2. External Respiration -the exchange of gases between the air of
the lungs and the blood
3. Transport -transport of gases by the blood between the blood
and the cells of the body
4. Internal Respiration -exchange of gases between the blood and
the cells of the body
5. Cellular Respiration -the process of oxygen utilization and
production of Carbon dioxide by the
cells of the body
6. Maintaining Homeostasis -supplying oxygen is necessary to
provide energy for the cell, while
removal of Carbon dioxide is
needed to maintain homeostasis (pH)
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Nasal cavity
Soft palate
Nostrils (nares)
Hard palate
Oral cavity
Tongue
Uvula
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Frontal sinus
Nasal cavity
Superior
Nasal conchae
Middle
Inferior
Sphenoidal sinus
Soft palate
Nostrils (nares)
Hard palate
Oral cavity
Tongue
Uvula
Pharyngeal tonsil
Palatine tonsil
Lingual tonsil
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Frontal sinus
Superior
Nasal conchae
Middle
Inferior
Sphenoidal sinus
Nasal cavity
Soft palate
Nostrils (nares)
Nasopharynx
Hard palate
Oral cavity
Tongue
Oropharynx
Epiglottis
Hyoid
Larynx
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Tracheal
cartilages
Laryngopharynx
Vocal cord
Glottis
False vocal cord
Esophagus
Trachea
Pharynx
(throat)
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Larynx
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Right
primary
bronchus
Right
superior
lobe
Laryngopharynx
Vocal cord
Tracheal
cartilages
False vocal cord
Esophagus
Trachea
Left
superior
lobe
Right
middle
lobe
Right
inferior
lobe
Left
inferior
lobe
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Larynx
Thyroid
cartilage
Cricoid
cartilage
Right
primary
bronchus
Secondary
bronchi
Tertiary
bronchus
Terminal
bronchiole
Alveolus
Laryngopharynx
Vocal cord
Tracheal
cartilages
False vocal cord
Esophagus
Trachea
The Pathway of Inspired Air
Alveolus
to pulmonary
veins
21% O2
16% O2
from pulmonary
artery
Inspiration of Air
How Does Air Move?
H
Sternocleidomastoid
elevates sternum
Pectoralis minor raises ribs
According to Boyle:
to make pressure go down,
increase the volume
External intercostals pull
ribs up and out
L
L
Diaphragm lowers floor
of thoracic cavity
Expiration of Air
How Does Air Move?
L
According to Boyle:
to make pressure go up,
decrease the volume
Rectus
abdominus,
Transverus
abdominus,
Internal
oblique, and
External
oblique
contract to
force
diaphragm
higher
Internal intercostals pull
ribs down and in
H
H
Diaphragm relaxes and floor
of thoracic cavity recoils elastically
Respiratory System
1. Nose -contains nostrils, or external nares through which air can
enter or exit
-internal hairs guard openings, preventing inhalation of large
particles
2. Nasal Cavity
-separated from cranial cavity by ethmoid bone and
from oral cavity by hard palate
-divided medially by the nasal
septum
2. Nasal cavity
1. Nose
Rx - Deviated Septum
-bending of the nasal
septum during birth
or during childhood
-common cause of breathing
difficulties and snoring
Respiratory System
2. Nasal Cavity
-each side divided into passageways called meati
by nasal conchae, which increase the surface area
of the mucous membranes
-lined with mucous membranes, which warm (or
cool) and moisten the air, and trap and push
particles towards the pharynx, where they are
mostly swallowed and disposed of in the stomach,
digested by gastric juices
mucous
particle
cilia
goblet cell
cilated
epithelial
cell
Respiratory System
3. Sinuses
-air spaces in the frontal, sphenoid, ethmoid, and
maxillary bones that open into the nasal cavity and are
lined with the same mucous membranes
-help warm, moisten, and filter air, and resonate the voice
Rx - Sinusitis
-inflammation of the sinuses
due to infection or allergic
reaction
3. Sphenoidal sinus
3. Frontal sinus
-inflammation blocks
drainage into nasal cavity,
creating pressure, headache
2. Nasal cavity
4. Pharynx
1. Nose
4. Pharynx
-throat
-common passageway for food
moving from the oral cavity to the
esophagus, and for air moving from
nasal (oral) cavity to the larynx